Study of nosological features of morbidity and mortality of the population of Ukraine caused by malignant neoplasms

Annotation. Oncological disorders remain one of the most important medical, biological and economic problems in the world. The aim of the study is to analyze the indicators of morbidity and mortality of the population of Ukraine from oncological pathologies in their distribution by nosological forms. The study was conducted on the basis of data analysis of the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine over a ten-year period: from 2010 to 2019. Statistical methods (analysis of relative values, calculation of growth rate), structural-logical analysis and system approach are used. Statistical calculations were performed using RStudio v. 1.1.442 and R Commander v.2.4-4. The study revealed that the main form of morbidity and mortality in women are malignant neoplasms of the breast, while in men it is malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchi, lungs, and in children aged 0−17 − leukemia and malignant tumors of the brain. An increase in morbidity and mortality due to malignant neoplasms of the prostate in men, malignant neoplasms of the uterine body in women and malignant neoplasms of the pancreas in the general population of Ukraine has been noted. The highest degree of neglect is observed in patients diagnosed with malignant neoplasms of the stomach (32,2-38,2%), malignant neoplasms of the pancreas (30,8-37,9%), malignant pharyngeal neoplasms (27,6-39%), malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchi, lungs (27,3-37,9%) and malignant neoplasms of the liver (27,9-35,9%). Only one in two patients diagnosed with malignant neoplasms of the esophagus (50,2-56%), malignant neoplasms of the stomach (44,3-47,6%), malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchi, lungs (40,8-43,7%), one in four patients with malignant pancreatic neoplasms (25,7-28,7%) and one in five patients with malignant liver neoplasms (17,7-19,8%) received special antitumor treatment within a year of diagnosis. The highest mortality rate up to one year is characteristic of individuals with malignant neoplasms of the pancreas and malignant neoplasms of the liver: 70,2-77,8% and 69-77,7%, respectively. The results of the study are the basis for the development and improvement of measures to combat the prevalence of certain nosological forms of oncological pathologies and reduce mortality caused by a specific pathology.