Spontaneous retroperitoneal haemorrhage secondary to anticoagulation polypharmacy

Retroperitoneal haemorrhage (RH) is not uncommon in patients with provoking events like trauma. However, spontaneous RH (SRH) is a rare and life-threatening complication described as the development of bleeding into the retroperitoneal cavity, appearing spontaneously and without a preceding history of trauma or other predisposing illness. We are reporting a case of an elderly patient with recurrent deep vein thrombosis who had developed SRH secondary to concurrent use of multiple anticoagulation agents, resulting from poor healthcare follow-up and lack of sufficient medication reconciliation. This article highlights the significance of recognising risk factors for SRH, as well as management strategies through literature review.

Fibrinolysis in Venous Thromboembolism

Fibrinolysis is of paramount importance in maintaining or regaining the patency of veins and pulmonary arteries obstructed by thrombi. Growing experimental and clinical evidence indicates that impaired fibrinolysis mediated by multiple complex mechanisms is involved in venous thromboembolism (VTE). Global plasma fibrin clot lysis markers, especially clot lysis time, have been reported to predict recurrent deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The current overview summarizes available data linking fibrinolysis to VTE and its long-term sequelae.

When Recurrent deep vein thrombosis is beyond only a clot- May-Thurner Syndrome

May-Thurner syndrome (MTS), also known as iliac vein compression syndrome which results in luminal narrowing and intimal hyperplasia, which predispose to venous stasis and recurrent deep vein thromboembolism (DVT) We present a 32-year-old woman with MTS who developed recurrent deep venous thromboses despite undergoing thrombectomy and being on recommended anticoagulation.

How to Differentiate Recurrent Deep Vein Thrombosis from Postthrombotic Syndrome

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Accuracy of diagnosis is thus of vital importance. Failure to diagnose VTE increases the risk of progression and complications. Conversely, anticoagulation as a result of an incorrect diagnosis exposes patients to the associated hazards of bleeding. The diagnostic management of recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) is especially challenging due to the lack of well-established diagnostic standards. Particularly, the differentiation between the two is notoriously difficult as symptoms, clinical signs, and diagnostic test findings largely overlap. This review highlights the current diagnostic and management strategies for recurrent DVT and PTS with a focus on clinical findings and imaging modalities. We also discuss current open questions for clinicians in the field, anticipating future directions and predictions for the year 2050.

Recurrent deep vein thrombosis in children with malignant blood diseases: literature review

Venous thromboembolism is not a rare complication in children with cancer. Despite the advantages of the treatment of venous thromboembolism there is still a probability of venous thromboembolism recurrence. In adult patients with cancer venous thromboembolism recurrence an influence on the lower survival rate. In children with cancer venous thromboembolism recurrence is a rare complication, but it can significantly reduce the quality of life. Risk factors of venous thromboembolism recurrence in children with cancer are not properly investigated.

Sulodeksyd w zapobieganiu nawrotom zakrzepicy żył głębokich – badanie SURVET

StreszczenieU pacjentów z pierwszym epizodem niesprowokowanej żylnej choroby zakrzepowo-zatorowej (ŻChZZ) występuje duże ryzyko nawrotu choroby po zaprzestaniu leczenia przeciwkrzepliwego. U około 20% pacjentów stwierdza się nawrót ŻChZZ w ciągu 2 lat od zaprzestania leczenia [1]. Wydłużenie czasu leczenia przeciwkrzepliwego zmniejsza ryzyko nawrotu, ale wiąże się ze wzrostem liczby powikłań krwotocznych.W randomizowanym badaniu klinicznym z podwójnie ślepą próbą i kontrolą placebo - SURVET (Suledxide in Secondary Prevention of Recurrent Deep Vein Thrombosis), wykazano skuteczność i bezpieczeństwo stosowania sulodeksydu w zapobieganiu nawrotom ŻChZZ, po zakończeniu leczenia VKA u pacjentów z pierwszym epizodem niesprowokowanej ŻChZZ.Sulodeksyd podawany doustnie po zakończeniu leczenia przeciwkrzepliwego zmniejsza o 51% ryzyko nawrotu ŻChZZ, bez znaczącego zwiększenia ryzyka krwawienia.Wyniki badania SURVET udowadniają, że sulodeksyd podawany doustnie mógłby znaleźć zastosowanie jako przedłużenie leczenia przeciwkrzepliwego w zapobieganiu nawrotom ZŻG u pacjentów ze zwiększonym ryzykiem powikłań krwotocznych.Sulodeksyd jest wysoko oczyszczonym glikozaminoglikanem, zbudowanym z dwóch składowych: heparyny szybko przemieszczającej się w polu elektroforezy (FMH – fast mobility heparin) i siarczanu dermatanu (DS). Wykazuje wiele korzystnych działań na strukturę i funkcję śródbłonka naczyniowego oraz wywiera efekt przeciwzakrzepowy. Obydwie frakcje sulodeksydu – FMH i DS nasilają hamowanie trombiny dzięki jednoczesnej interakcji odpowiednio z antytrombiną i kofaktorem heparynowym II.