A feedback control architecture for bioelectronic devices with applications to wound healing

Bioelectronic devices can provide an interface for feedback control of biological processes in real-time based on sensor information tracking biological response. The main control challenges are guaranteeing system convergence in the presence of saturating inputs into the bioelectronic device and complexities from indirect control of biological systems. In this paper, we first derive a saturated-based robust sliding mode control design for a partially unknown nonlinear system with disturbance. Next, we develop a data informed model of a bioelectronic device for in silico simulations. Our controller is then applied to the model to demonstrate controlled pH of a target area. A modular control architecture is chosen to interface the bioelectronic device and controller with a bistable phenomenological model of wound healing to demonstrate closed-loop biological treatment. External pH is regulated by the bioelectronic device to accelerate wound healing, while avoiding chronic inflammation. Our novel control algorithm for bioelectronic devices is robust and requires minimum information about the device for broad applicability. The control architecture makes it adaptable to any biological system and can be used to enhance automation in bioengineering to improve treatments and patient outcomes.

Neurosensory Prosthetics: An Integral Neuromodulation Part of Bioelectronic Device

Bioelectronic medicines (BEMs) constitute a branch of bioelectronic devices (BEDs), which are a class of therapeutics that combine neuroscience with molecular biology, immunology, and engineering technologies. Thus, BEMs are the culmination of thought processes of scientists of varied fields and herald a new era in the treatment of chronic diseases. BEMs work on the principle of neuromodulation of nerve stimulation. Examples of BEMs based on neuromodulation are those that modify neural circuits through deep brain stimulation, vagal nerve stimulation, spinal nerve stimulation, and retinal and auditory implants. BEDs may also serve as diagnostic tools by mimicking human sensory systems. Two examples of in vitro BEDs used as diagnostic agents in biomedical applications based on in vivo neurosensory circuits are the bioelectronic nose and bioelectronic tongue. The review discusses the ever-growing application of BEDs to a wide variety of health conditions and practices to improve the quality of life.

Non-conventional Covid treatment methods 19

In bioelectronic terms, the organism is understood as an integrated circuit of biological piezo, pyroelectrics, ferromagnets and semiconductors, filled with bioplasm and managed electronically by quantum processes. The presence of semiconductors in a biological system is synonymous with the presence of an electronic integrated device, therefore a living organism can be seen as a complex electronic device, analogous to technical devices. Proteins, DNA, RNA, melanin from the biology side, it is a biological structure, from the biochemistry side, they are chemical compounds with different chemical formulas, again from the bioelectronics side it is an electronic material that can serve as structural elements in a bioelectronic device which is an organism. Enzyme transistors were constructed in technical devices from these materials.1

Self-powered piezo-bioelectronic device mediates tendon repair through modulation of mechanosensitive ion channels

Tendon disease constitutes an unmet clinical need and remains a critical challenge in the field of orthopaedic surgery. Innovative solutions are required to overcome the limitations of current tendon grafting approaches, and bioelectronic therapies are showing promise in the treatment of musculoskeletal disease, accelerating functional recovery through the activation of tissue regeneration signalling pathways (guided regeneration). Self-powered bioelectronic devices, and in particular piezoelectric materials represent a paradigm shift in biomedicine, negating the need for battery or external powering and complementing existing mechanotherapy to accelerate the repair processes. Here, we show the dynamic response of tendon cells to a piezoelectric collagen-analogue scaffold comprised of aligned nanoscale fibres made of the ferroelectric material poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene), (PVDF-TrFE). We demonstrate that electromechanical stimulation of tendon tissue results in guided regeneration by ion channel modulation. Finally, we show the potential of the bioelectronic device in regulating the progression of tendinopathy associated processes using a rat Achilles tendinopathy model. This study indicates that body motion-powered electromechanical stimulation can control the expression of TRPA1 and PIEZO2 receptors and stimulate tendon-specific tissue repair processes.

Surface States of (100) O-Terminated Diamond: Towards Other 1 × 1:O Reconstruction Models

Diamond surface properties show a strong dependence on its chemical termination. Hydrogen-terminated and oxygen-terminated diamonds are the most studied terminations with many applications in the electronic and bioelectronic device field. One of the main techniques for the characterization of diamond surface terminations is X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In this sense, the use of angle-resolved XPS (ARXPS) experiments allows obtaining depth-dependent information used here to evidence (100)-O-terminated diamond surface atomic configuration when fabricated by acid treatment. The results were used to compare the chemistry changes occurring during the oxidation process using a sublayer XPS intensity model. The formation of non-diamond carbon phases at the subsurface and higher oxygen contents were shown to result from the oxygenation treatment. A new (100) 1 × 1:O surface reconstruction model is proposed to explain the XPS quantification results of O-terminated diamond.