An alternative approach to finite deformation

In elastoplasticity formulation constitutive relations are usually given in rate form, i.e. they represent relations between stress rate and strain rate. The adopted constitutive laws have to stay independent in relation to the change of frame of reference, i.e. to stay objective. While the objectivity requirement in a material description is automatically satisfied, in an Eulerian description, especially in the case of large deformations, the objectivity requirement can be violated even for objective quantities. Thus, instead of a material time derivative in the Eulerian description objective time derivatives have to be implemented. In this work the importance of the objective rate implementation in the constitutive relations of finite elastoplasticity is clarified. Likewise, it shows the overview of the most frequently used objective rates nowadays, their advantages and shortcomings, as well as the distinctive features of the recently introduced logarithmic rate.

Laisvalaikio ir darbo kokybinės indikacijos vertinimas

Objective – Rate the leisure time and work quality indications. Methods – Questionnaire survey. Relevance of the research. There are not many investigations related to psychosocial work characteristics and employees’ age. The majority of investigations are more focused on work characteristics and other variables, especially health, connections and more concentrating on their age; however they do not tend to focus on work characteristics and connections with demographic measures. Research aim was to reveal the leisure time and work quality indications and the influence of these indications in the relationship between leisure time and work time. There were 396 respondents in this investigation. Research results and conclusions. Analysis of scientific literature revealed that leisure time was defined and understood as free time from necessary activities. This time is dedicated to accommodate ones needs, also to widen the circle knowledge, develop skills and to improve both physical and spiritual status. Work is an absolutely obligatory part of the person’s life which takes a lot of person’s time. Essential indicators disclose the leisure time and work quality indications which consist of work characteristics, the environment and person’s identity module. The research confirmed that qualitative indications that determine leisure time and work quality are the following: improving personal abilities at work, physical, psychological and emotional efforts at work, given support at work if mistakes are made, work expectation satisfaction in the work activities, stress and regulation levels at work, work quality after leisure time, occurrence of free time after work, active and passive leisure time and its chosen form and time, enjoyable activities, thinking about work while having leisure time, leisure time with friends and family. The most important and highest rated are these indications: spending leisure time with friends or family, improving personal abilities at work, the support at work, productive leisure time, etc., the less important ones are stress, regulation and control while working, physical, psychological and emotional effort at work, etc. It is important to emphasize that today it is relevant to discover the balance between work and leisure time as this appropriate balance can be valued as a preventive tool to avoid harmful habits and the reason why essential health care expenses are minimised.

Induction chemotherapy (ICh) followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (ChR) in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN): Experience in a Mexican institute.

e17031 Background: ICh has taken an important role in the treatment of locally advanced disease, but it has not been recognized in which patients (pts) may be the best option ICh followed by ChR or just ChR. We present our experience with ICh followed by ChR regimen in the National Cancer Institute of Mexico (INCan). Methods: We identified 69 patients (pts) diagnosed with locally and/or regionally advanced non-metastatic squamous cell cancer of head and neck, who were attended at the INCan from 2008-2012, in whom, the original treatment was ICh with two cycles of Paclitaxel (P), cisplatin (C) and 5Fluorouracil (5FU) scheme, followed by concurrent ChR with C. But only 35 pts of the original group accomplished the treatment. Results: 13 pts were women (37%) and 22 were men (63%).The median age at diagnosis was 59 years old. In stages III (28%), IVa (46%), and IVb (26%); AJCC, 2002. The subsites per pts. studied were: oral cavity 9 (25.7%), larynx 9 (25.7%), hypopharynx 7 (20%), paranasal sinuses 7 (20%) and oropharynx 3 (8.6%). The rate response was observed in 83%: complete objective rate response (CR) in13 pts (37%), partial response rate in 16 pts (46%) and progression rate in 6 pts. (17%). The mean survival was of 18.3 months (mth) (CI-95: 0.32-0.68).Median survival was not achieved in pts with CR with a median follow up of 2 yrs, pts with PR had a median survival of 15 mth (CI-95: 0.27-0.75) and the median progression was 11 mth (CI-95: 0.11-0.80). We have not got any CR with ICh only, but 13 patients obtained CR at the end of the ChR. Neither age, sex nor subsites were crucial to the clinical response. Conclusions: Our results cannot distinguish patients who might benefit from ICH. In the intention-to-treat population, more than a half of pts did not complete the proposed scheme. Recently, we reported a study using an alternative scheme: Cisplatin and gemcitabine concurrent with radiotherapy to treat pts with advanced SCCHN, and we found that this scheme of treatment is effective and well tolerated, with a 5 yr progression-free survival rate of 27.8 (CI-95: 0–61.5). Yet further studies are needed to compare ICh followed by RCh vs RCh to assess what the best treatment may be.

Trends in screening for colorectal cancer in France

1538 Background: In France, after a pilot population-based screening program in 23 districts (2002–2003), a national organized program was progressively implemented starting in 2005. The EDIFICE 2 survey was conducted in 2008, 3 years after EDIFICE 1, to provide a better understanding of French people's participation in colorectal screening programs and to assess the evolution between the two periods. Methods: This second nationwide observational study, EDIFICE 2, was conducted in January 2008 among a representative sample of 1,801 subjects aged between 40 and 85 years old. The analysis focused on the target population of the national screening program (50–74 years old). Results: In 2008, 38% of subjects between 50 and 74 years (N = 928) had undergone a screening test for colorectal cancer (including fecal test or colonoscopy) versus 25% in 2005 (p < 0.05); 32% of the unscreened population (N = 575) planned to undergo a test. Colorectal cancer screening increased significantly in all age groups, especially between 65 and 69 years, and for both sexes. A most significant increase can be observed in districts with pilot programme (+ 21%). Factors influencing the probability of screening were: being encouraged by the family circle, living in a couple, the existence of a case of cancer (especially colorectal cancer) in the family circle, and fear of colorectal cancer. The main reasons for not performing the screening were: not feeling concerned, no recommendation by the GP, carelessness, no symptoms, and fear of exams or results. Conclusions: The objective rate of participation (50%), can be reached by motivating the unscreened population already planning to perform a test. The results in the pilot districts show the effectiveness of an organization of the screening. This trend of increasing testing will probably be confirmed in the future if the reasons for non-attendance in an organized program are addressed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.