An internet of things belief rule base smart system to predict earthquake

<p><span>An intelligent belief rule base (BRB) based system with internet of things (IoT) integration can evaluate earthquake prediction (EP). This ingenious and rational system can predict earthquake by aggregating changed animal behavior combined with environmental and chemical changes which are taken as real time inputs from sensors. The BRB expert system blends knowledge demonstration criterion like attribute weight, rule weight, belief degree. The intelligent BRB system with IoT predicts the probable occurrence of the earthquake in a region based on the sign and symptoms culled by the persistent sensors. The final result taken from Intelligent BRB system with IoT integration is compared with expert and fuzzy-based system. The projected method gives a better prediction than the up-to-date expert system and fuzzy system</span></p>

First report on the occurrence of Sargassum Weed Fish Histrio histrio (Lophiliformes: Antennariidae) in Nigeria deep water, Gulf of Guinea

We report the first occurrence of Sargassum Weed Fish Histrio histrio at Bonga Field in Nigeria Outer Continental Shelf approximately 120 km south-east of Delta State in February 2014. At high tides and under difficulty, we sampled some seaweeds in the epi-pelagic realm using a secured standard plankton net to the environmental research vessel that was cruising at a dead speed (≤4 knots). Upon examination of the weeds we collected, one adult Sargassum Weed Fish along with two gelatinous fingerlings were realised. This finding suggests the probable occurrence of more population of Sargassum Weed Fish in their macro-habitat (the Sargassum seaweeds) which are abundantly bound in the Gulf of Guinea deep waters. The specimen was photographed on-board and preserved immediately in 10 % formalin solution for a 24-h period and was thereafter reprocessed, and permanently preserved with 70 % ethanol. We recommend a major study of the marine seaweeds and their colonisers amongst Gulf of Guinea member states.

Early warning: detection of exotic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) by environmental DNA and evidence of establishment at the extreme south of Patagonia

The global expansion of aquaculture is a constant propagule pressure that enables the establishment of exotic species in freshwater and marine environments. Here, we provide the first report on the presence of exotic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) at the extreme south of Patagonia, in the island of Tierra del Fuego (TDF). During the last 6 years, 43 juvenile coho salmon were captured along the Beagle Channel, while one adult was captured in fresh water. Scale analysis showed that migration from fresh water as smolt would occur during their first winter of life. Mitochondrial DNA analyses revealed two haplotypes previously reported in North America and a new haplotype not reported before. We developed an environmental DNA assay for detecting coho salmon DNA from fresh water, obtaining positive results in three rivers. Additionally, one of these rivers was monitored monthly for a year, and we detected coho salmon DNA over 7 months, revealing the probable occurrence of coho salmon juveniles in fresh water. These results suggest the potential establishment of self-sustaining populations of coho salmon in TDF.

Foraminiferal Biochronology of the Triassic Hoang Mai Formation, Central Vietnam

Foraminiferal biostratigraphy was investigated for the first time in the Triassic Hoang Mai Formation distributed in the southeastern part of the Sam Nua Basin which was developed along the northeastern margin of the Indochina Block during the Permian–Triassic. The formation consists entirely of carbonates and is embedded within the underlying volcano-sedimentary Dong Trau Formation and overlying fine-siliciclastic Quy Lang Formation. We examined an approximately 300 m-long core section drilled in the northeastern part of Nghe An province of north Central Vietnam. Based upon the stratigraphic distributions of 24 foraminiferal taxa, including Citaella dinarica, Citaella? deformata, Endotriada tyrrhenica, Endotriadella wirzi, Endotriadella pentacamerata, Pilamminella grandis, Pilammina cf. densa, and Triadodiscus cf. praecursor, we assigned a Pelsonian age for the main part of the Hoang Mai Formation, with its lower/basal part of the core section probably extending down into the Bithynian. Thus, the Hoang Mai Formation is referred to the middle Anisian (early Middle Triassic). We also attempted taxonomic reexamination of foraminifera reported previously from the formation and confirmed the probable occurrence of Aulotortus eotriasicus. This and other taxonomic revision executed on formerly reported foraminifera resulted in further strengthening a middle Anisian appraisal for this formation. In ascending order, the three Middle Triassic lithostratigraphic units distributed in the Sam Nua Basin are the Dong Trau, Hoang Mai, and Quy Lang formations; they have been considered to overlie each other with simple superposition. Elsewhere in the Sam Nua Basin in north Central Vietnam, however, the Balatonites ammonoid fauna, which is considered to be coeval with the present foraminiferal fauna from the Hoang Mai Formation, is known in the uppermost part of the “underlying” Dong Trau Formation and the lowermost part of the “overlying” Quy Lang Formation. This strongly implies heteropic facies development of these three formations in the Sam Nua Basin during Middle Triassic time.

The role of tax police units of the State Tax Service of Ukraine as subjects of ensuring the system of economic security of the state

The article is devoted to the analysis of the activity of the revenue bodies and fees for combating tax offenses in terms of ensuring the economic security of Ukraine. The author investigates the work of tax police units in the context of dynamic legislative changes, the results of these innovations are evaluated in terms of the ability of the designated entity to perform its own tasks and functions in full. The urgent need for effective systematic provision of the state’s economic security system is emphasized. Attention is drawn to the probable occurrence of a number of destructive consequences for the national economy as a result of committing tax offenses. It is pointed out that there is a real need for systematic effective counteraction to these criminal acts, especially before the start of the work of a new government body authorized to investigate all these offenses. The current legal position of tax police units is analyzed. The significance is substantiated by the activity of tax police units as a subject of providing the economic security system of Ukraine especially in the current context of active multi-vector legislative changes and the frequent emergence of new challenges for the national economy. The tasks, functions, and competence of tax police units are investigated as a subject of providing the state’s economic security system. The issue of interaction of this law enforcement agency is considered with state and local self-government bodies, subjects of international law, authorized foreign bodies, the public, and others on issues of ensuring the economic security of Ukraine. Found that the key areas of work to ensure the state’s economic security system remains investigations into criminal activities in the area of taxation and the budgetary sphere, the conduct of operational-search measures, as well as the consideration of individual cases of administrative offenses. The important role and other directions of work units of tax police is indicated and proved to facilitate the successful accomplishment of this task. Keywords: national economy, threats to the national economy, a system of economic security of the state, tax offenses, units of tax police SFS of Ukraine.

A probabilistic model to identify the core microbial community

ABSTRACTThe core microbial community has been hypothesized to have essential functions ranging from maintaining health in animals to protection against plant disease. However, the identification of the core microbial community is frequently based on arbitrary thresholds, selecting only the most abundant microorganisms. Here, we developed and tested an approach to identify the core community based on a probabilistic model. The Poisson distribution was used to identify OTUs with a probable occurrence in every sample of a given dataset. We identified the core communities of four extensive microbial datasets, and compared the results with conventional, but arbitrary, methods. The datasets were composed of the microbiomes of humans (tongue, gut, and skin), mice (gut), plant (grapevine) tissue, and the maize rhizosphere. Our proposed method revealed core microbial communities with higher richness and diversity than those previously described. This method also includes a greater number of rare taxa in the core, which are often neglected by arbitrary threshold methods. We demonstrated that our proposed method revels a probable core microbial community for each different habitat, which extend our knowledge about shared microbial communities. Our proposed method may help the next steps proving the essential functions of core microbial communities.Originality-Signifìcance StatementMore rigorous and less arbitrary statistical methods could increase knowledge regarding the role of microorganisms and their interactions. Here, we suggest a probabilistic method to identify the microbial core community across systems. Our method identifies a large proportion of the rare community that likely belongs to the microbial core community, which was not identified by conventional methods. Our probabilistic model is a non-arbitrary approach to defining the microbial core community, which may help in the next step of the microbial core community studies.

MODELING THE SEISMICITY OF CENTRAL IONIAN ISLANDS WITH SEMI-MARKOV MODELS

Earthquakes with M ≥ 5.2 that occurred in the area of central Ionian Islands (1911- 2014) are assumed to form a semi-Markov chain, aiming to contribute in the field of seismic hazard assessment. The sojourn times are considered to be geometric or approximated by Pareto distributions. Destination probabilities are examined and the results demonstrate that in many cases these probabilities become higher adequately forecasting the magnitude class of an anticipated earthquake. The geometrically distributed model can also reveal the more probable occurrence time of the next earthquake since for this model the destination probabilities were found to obtain many times their maximum values for the real occurrence time. The successful forecasting as for the occurrence time is 63.75% for all earthquakes and becomes 71.42% for the larger magnitude events (M ≥ 6.0).

Modeling the distribution of rare and interesting moss species of the family Orthotrichaceae (Bryophyta) in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan

Bryological research carried out from 2008 in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan brought interesting data on the occurrence of epiphytic bryophytes which have not been recorded yet there. One of the species was recently described as a new (<em>Orthotrichum pamiricum</em>) and some of the other newly recorded species are considered as rare or endangered in the region of Middle Asia. To make detailed field monitoring of the species with the aim of mapping their distribution in a wild and complex mountainous terrain, it was necessary in the first instance to identify the area with suitable conditions for the occurrence of these species. We present an innovative modeling program MaxEnt (maximum entropy modeling), which have not previously been used for modeling either epiphytic bryophytes or in the Middle Asia region. Using 205 samples (presence-only data), percent tree cover, and seven uncorrelated bioclimatic variables, regions suitable for the occurrence of the studied species were identified. Distribution models for eight most interesting species of <em>Orthotrichum</em> are presented here (<em>O. affine</em>, <em>O. anomalum</em>, <em>O. crenulatum</em>, <em>O. cupulatum</em>, <em>O. pallens</em>, <em>O. pamiricum</em>, <em>O. pumilum</em>, and <em>O. speciosum</em>). They indicated appropriate areas for the most probable occurrence of the species in western Tajikistan, and southwestern and northeastern Kyrgyzstan. These results could serve as guides for future survey expeditions, and aid in the conservation of target species and our understanding of their ecology. Different environmental variables for various species were selected as the most important for modeling. However, for most species higher minimum temperatures and higher precipitation in the wettest month and mean diurnal range were the variables with the greatest contribution to the models.