Efficacy of a sonic toothbrush on plaque removal—A video-controlled explorative clinical trial

Clinical studies on the efficacy of sonic toothbrushes show inconsistent results, most studies have been conducted without sufficient supervision of appropriate toothbrush usage. Aims of the explorative clinical trial were therefore to investigate whether the usage of an activated sonic toothbrush reduces plaque more effectively than an inactivated one used as a manual toothbrush, and to which extent the correct use of such toothbrush plays a role in its efficacy. The clinical trial was designed as a video-controlled interventional study. Thirty participants (mean (±SD) age 22.9 (±2.5) years) were included, areas of interest were the buccal surfaces of the upper premolars and the first molar (partial mouth recording). Toothbrushing was performed without toothpaste in a single brushing exercise under four different conditions: switched off, habitually used as manual toothbrush, no instruction; switched on, habitually used as powered toothbrush, no instruction; switched off, used as manual toothbrush, instruction in the Modified Bass Technique; switched on, used as powered toothbrush, instruction in a specific technique for sonic toothbrushes. Brushing performance was controlled by videotaping, plaque was assessed at baseline (after 4 days without toothbrushing) using the Rustogi modified Navy-Plaque-Index and planimetry. Main study results were that plaque decreased distinctly after habitual brushing regardless of using the sonic brush in ON or OFF mode (p for all comparisons < 0.001). After instruction, participants were able to use the sonic brush in ON mode as intended, with only minor impact on efficacy. Using the toothbrush in OFF mode with the Modified Bass Technique was significantly less effective than all other conditions (p for all comparisons < 0.001). Under the conditions used, the sonic toothbrush was not more effective when switched on than when switched off, and there was no evidence that the correct use of the toothbrush was more effective than the habitual use.

Impact of Toothbrush Age on Clinical Indicators of Oral Health, a Protocol for a Systematic Review

Background: Dental caries is the most common chronic untreated disease worldwide. The simplest and most important factor in preventing dental caries is maintaining oral hygiene and removing microbial plaque using a toothbrush. Despite the relationship between toothbrush filament wear and plaque removal effectiveness as a potentially important factor in maintaining oral health, there is little objective standard evidence as to 1) what constitutes a worn-out brush and 2) the degree of loss in plaque removal effectiveness due to brush wear. Contradictions in the results of studies on toothbrushing and the loss of its effectiveness in removing plaque based on the time spent using the toothbrush have led to conflicting recommendations for changing toothbrushes after different periods. While some studies generally question the relationship between toothbrush age and effectiveness. The lack of comprehensive evidence in this area necessitates a structured review study.Methods: We will search the electronic databases ISI, Scopus, and PubMed to find related articles. Our main inclusion criterion is Clinical trial and observational studies investigating manual toothbrush longevity in the natural toothbrush-worn model on each objective indicator of oral health (including plaque removal and gingival indices ...). All funded citations are entered into the Endnote software. the full texts of potentially relevant studies are prepared. study selection and extracting the data will be performed by two reviewers. Also, the studies quality will be assessed. The findings will be displayed using figures, summary tables and narrative summaries. If the similarity of studies and their quality is desirable, meta-analysis will be performed. We will assess the heterogeneity on the bias of the magnitude of heterogeneity variance parameter. We are also going to conduct subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis if needed.Discussion: The final systematic review highlights the gaps in the available evidence about the effectiveness of toothbrush longevity on each oral indices to provide the best recommendation for toothbrush renewal periods. Registration: The review subject has been submitted in PROSPERO database

Effectiveness of the Use of Manual and Electric Toothbrushes and the Effect of Educational Brushing Teeth with Video Animation on OHI-S Children with Down syndrome

Background: Down Syndrome children have better ability in capturing instructions visually. The audio-visual learning method can be applied to Down Syndrome children. Electric toothbrushes were made to make it easier for them to brush their teeth, besides those electric toothbrushes have a handle that is comfortable to hold and control. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of electric and manual toothbrushes on Down Syndrome children OHI-S scores and determine the effect of education on tooth brushing with animated videos on Down Syndrome children OHI-S scores. Methods: Subjects of the study were 34 Down Syndrome children aged 6-19 years in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. OHI-S scores were recorded before and after the subjects were educated to brush their teeth with animated videos or dental phantoms. OHI-S scores were also recorded before and after the subjects brushed their teeth using manual toothbrushes or electric toothbrushes. Results: The test results Independent T-test (p> 0.05) showed there was no significant difference between tooth brushing using a manual toothbrush and an electric toothbrush to the decline of OHI-S score of Down Syndrome children. The results of the Mann-Whitney statistical test were p> 0.05, that there was no significant difference in the reduction in OHI-S scores between Down Syndrome children who were educated with animated videos and dental phantoms. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between manual toothbrushes and electric toothbrushes and there was no significant influence of Down Syndrome OHI-S children who were educated with animated videos or dental phantoms.

mTeeth

Ensuring that all the teeth surfaces are adequately covered during daily brushing can reduce the risk of several oral diseases. In this paper, we propose the mTeeth model to detect teeth surfaces being brushed with a manual toothbrush in the natural free-living environment using wrist-worn inertial sensors. To unambiguously label sensor data corresponding to different surfaces and capture all transitions that last only milliseconds, we present a lightweight method to detect the micro-event of brushing strokes that cleanly demarcates transitions among brushing surfaces. Using features extracted from brushing strokes, we propose a Bayesian Ensemble method that leverages the natural hierarchy among teeth surfaces and patterns of transition among them. For training and testing, we enrich a publicly-available wrist-worn inertial sensor dataset collected from the natural environment with time-synchronized precise labels of brushing surface timings and moments of transition. We annotate 10,230 instances of brushing on different surfaces from 114 episodes and evaluate the impact of wide between-person and within-person between-episode variability on machine learning model's performance for brushing surface detection.

Oral health of children in association with gender and mothers’ education: a comparative cross-sectional study

Objectives: To evaluate the association between gender and mothers' education, and the oral hygiene of their children. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study included 531 children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Arabic was chosen for this survey to avoid possibilities of language barriers, followed by data analysis and segregation from the survey. Students were stratified according to gender and their mother’s education. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 25. Results: Brushing twice daily, using the dental floss, using fluoridated toothpaste, using mouthwash regularly, and bruxism were higher among females than males (58% VS 28%, 28.2% VS 10.9%, 71% VS 30%,55% VS 35% and 16.5% VS 9.8% respectively) with a significant difference (p<0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001 and <0.001 respectively). Meanwhile, using toothpick, clenching, and biting on hard objects were higher among males than females 49.3% VS 34.9%, 21.7% VS 7.1% and 46.7% VS 34.9% respectively) with a significant difference (<0.001 and <0.001, respectively). Going to dentists during the last three months was significantly higher among females than males (47% vs. 33%), with a significant difference (p<0.001). On the other hand, going to dentists every six months was notably higher among males than females (22% vs. 17%) (p<0.001). Regular check-ups were higher among females (27.8% vs. 16.7%), with a significant difference (p=0.007). In accordance with the mothers' education, brushing more than twice daily, manual toothbrush, electrical toothbrush, dental floss, and using toothpaste were significantly higher among those who received a university and post-graduate education (p<0.001, <0.001, <0.001, and 0.049, respectively). Going to dentists during the previous three and six months was higher among those who received a university and post-graduate education (p=0.001). Conclusion: Girls and children whose mothers had a university and post-graduate education had better attitudes toward oral hygiene. Therefore, we highly recommend more oral hygiene health education programs, especially for mothers with less education.

Effect of electric, ultrasonic and manual toothbrushes on biofilm removal and gingivitis control

Aim: To evaluate the effect of manual (M), electric (E) and ultrasonic (US) toothbrushes on the removal of oral biofilm and control of gingivitis. Also, the roughness and tooth wear production were evaluated in vitro. Methods: For the in vitro analyses, thirty bovine dentin specimens were submitted to a 3-month brushing simulation (9 minutes) with the three types of toothbrushes (n = 10). Subsequently, a randomized controlled clinical trial was performed with 36 patients divided into 3 groups according to the toothbrushes used (n = 12). Gingival index, visible plaque index and the volume of crevicular fluid were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after the beginning of the toothbrush use. Furthermore, the performance of the biofilm removal per brushing cycle of 1 and 3 minutes with each toothbrush was made monthly until the end of the experiment. Results: The US group had the highest dentin wear. Clinically, the US group had a lower plaque index at 3 months than the M group. The M group also showed less biofilm removal efficiency from the second month of follow-up and more worn bristles at the end of the 3 month period than the E and US groups. Conclusion: The ultrasonic, electric and manual toothbrushes showed no differences in gingivitis control in the present study. The ultrasonic and electric toothbrushes had a more significant effect on biofilm removal than a manual toothbrush, but the ultrasonic toothbrush promoted greater dentin tissue wear.

Dental plaque removal and motivation of a manual toothbrush versus an interactive power toothbrush in young people with fixed orthodontic appliances: a single examiner-blind randomized controlled clinical trial

Introduction: The goal of this 2-arm equal preliminary clinical trial was to decide the plaque expulsion efficacy (primary result) and the motivation assessment (auxiliary result) looking at a manual versus an interactive power toothbrush in orthodontic patients. Methods: Sixty teenagers with fixed orthodontic appliances who reported to the Department of Periodontics for routine oral prophylaxis in the both arches were randomized in a 1:1 proportion parallel, randomized, examiner-blindcontrolled clinical preliminary. Qualification criteria included in any event 16 characteristic teeth, 1-6 "center consideration zones," plaque score of ≥1.75, no serious caries, gingivits and periodontitis, no dental prophylaxis, no smoking, no anti-microbials, and no chlorhexidine mouth wash. Subjects were to brush solo with either an interactive power toothbrush (Oral-B Professional Care 6000, D36/EB20) with Bluetooth innovation or a customary manual toothbrush (Oral-B Indicator 35 delicate). Center consideration regions were each brushed for 10 extra seconds like inter-proximal spaces. Plaque removal was surveyed with the utilization of the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI) to decide change from standard at 2 weeks followed by 6 weeks. Supervised brushing at screening and post-treatment visits recorded real brushing times. Subject-revealed motivational viewpoints were recorded at screening and week 6. Results: Fifty-nine subjects between 13-17 years finished the investigation. The interactive power toothbrush gave significantly (P\0.001) more noteworthy plaque decrease versus the manual toothbrush at 2 and 6 week as indicated by the entire mouth TMQHPI. The treatment contrast in balanced mean plaque change from standard was 0.777 (95% CI 0.614-0.940) at week 2 and 0.834 (0.686-0.981) at week 6. Mean decreases in the quantity of center consideration regions were likewise significantly more noteworthy (P \0.001) in the power brush bunch at weeks 2 and 6. Brushing times increased significantly at weeks 2 and 6 (P #0.013) versus standard baseline in the interactive powertoothbrush group only.Subject-revealed motivation was significantly increased in the interactive power tooth brush group at week 6 as opposed to screening (P #0.005). Conclusions: An interactive power toothbrush produced increased brushing times and significantly more prominent plaque removal versus a manual brush.