FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI WORK-LIFE BALANCE PADA WANITA BURUH TANI

ABSTRACT : FACTORS AFFECTING WORK-LIFE BALANCE IN FEMALE AGRICULTURAL LABORERS This study aimed to find out the factors affecting work-life balance in farmer women. The method of this research is a qualitative method using interviews technique as a data collection. The subject is the single mother who work as a farmer. The result shows 5 factors affecting work-life balance in farmer women that is time factors, loyalty factors, economic and family factors, salary factors and attitude factors. For further research, it is expected to study more deeply about work-life balance among female agricultural laborer and then link it with other psychological constructs. Keyword: Work-Life Balance, Agricultural Laborer, Single Mother. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi work-life balance pada wanita buruh tani. Metode penelitian kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini dan teknik pengambilan datanya menggunakan wawancara. Respondennya seorang ibu yang merupakan orang tua tunggal dan bekerja sebagai buruh tani. Hasil penelitian menemukan 5 faktor yang mempengaruhi work-life balance pada wanita buruh tani yaitu: faktor waktu, faktor loyalitas, faktor ekonomi dan keluarga, faktor gaji dan faktor sikap. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan untuk membahas lebih mendalam mengenai work-life balance pada wanita buruh tani lalu mengaitkan dengan konstruk psikologi lainnya. Kata kunci: Work-Life Balance, Buruh Tani, Ibu Tunggal

Women in Mauritius

The Indian Ocean Island of Mauritius has a population made up of the descendants of migrants from France, India, Africa, and China. Mauritius has a multicultural and multi-ethnic population and these divisions impact upon Mauritian women’s rights and political mobilization in the country. Women were expected to support the men of their community and, in the mid 1940s, female suffrage was proposed by men from the elite and wealthy groups to win votes for their communities. There is no evidence of a women’s lobby for the franchise. Despite the controversy surrounding female suffrage, Mauritius had two women members of parliament following the election after proclamation of female suffrage. Under 19th-century Mauritian law the state treated women as the inalienable property of their husbands. The “Code Napoleon” or “Napoleon’s Civil Code of 1804,” adopted in 1808 in Mauritius, imposed the status of “minor” on a married woman and was characterized by severe patriarchalism, restricting women to the private domestic sphere. Despite these restrictions, women were not passive and they were drawn into the economic and political struggles of the early 20th century. One of the most vivid memories is that of Anjalay Coopen, a female agricultural laborer who was among the people killed during an uprising on the sugar estates in 1943. Mauritius became independent in 1968 and the role that women played in the negotiations leading to independence remains unclear to this day due to a paucity of research in this area, male domination of the political and historical writings of the country, and the fact that the Mauritian population was highly divided over independence. Women’s-movement activism peaked in the mid-1970s. This was when women’s organizations grouped together on common platforms to lobby for changes in the civil code and laws governing marriage and the Immigration and Deportation Act, which allowed for the deportation of foreign husbands of Mauritian women but not for foreign wives of Mauritian men. Women from different communities rallied together for equal rights for women, generating a strong national women’s movement.

Low birth weight and its sociodemographic correlates: a descriptive study from medical college hospital, Maharashtra

Background: Low birth weight is one of the most serious challenges in maternal and child health in both developed and developing countries. According to a UNICEF report about 28 per cent of babies born in India are low birth weight. Present hospital based study was undertaken to estimate the proportion of babies with low birth weight.Methods: The present hospital based descriptive study was conducted at Swami Ramanand Teerth Rural Govt. Medical College and Hospital. The data collection was done during 1st March 2012 to 28th February 2013. All deliveries occurring on alternate days were included in the study which comes to, 1154 deliveries.Results: Out of total 1154 live full term new borns; 279 (24.18%) were low birth weight babies. The percentage of low birth weight babies was more in mothers from rural area 243 (27.46%). Highest percentage (45.33%) of low birth weight babies was seen in non agricultural laborer. Higher percentage of low birth weight babies (26.18%) was observed among mothers belonging to joint family. Highest percentage (28.61%) of low birth weight babies was observed in class V socioeconomic status.Conclusions: Baby birth weight has significant association with place of residence, mothers occupation, fathers occupation, socioeconomic status of family (p<0.05).

The Role of Rural Forest Women in Increasing the Household Income

The role of women in managing natural resources is needed to help their husband to increase the economy level of the family. Besides a role to manage the household, women also have a task to get income, and it called double-role in the family. The role of women in work productively holds an effect in fulfilling household needs. This research aims to identify the productive women activities and women role against increasing of the family income in Sidodadi Village Teluk Pandan Sub District Pesawaran District in Lampung Province. The samples taken using cluster and purposive sample methods were 73 samples. Data analysis method used in this research was qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The result showed that the Sidodadi productive women activities to increase the family income were the trader, farmer, agricultural laborer and officer. Trade was a productive activity of women who have the highest income contribution. The contribution of women towards the total income of the family was low (30%), so the role of women in economic activities. Keywords: women role, productive activities, income, household

“These Guys Came Out Looking Like Movie Actors”

This article analyzes the dress and consumption practices of the first generation of Filipino male migrants to the United States who arrived from 1906 until the end of World War II. It argues that Filipino migrant men used dress and consumption practices to fashion new identities that rejected their working selves as a lower-class marginal group. The contrast between the utilitarian clothes worn during working hours and the formal suit accentuated the sartorial transformation from lower-class agricultural laborer or Alaskan cannery worker to fashionable dandy and temporarily erased the stigma of manual labor. Two groups of well-dressed Filipino men behaved in contradictory ways: as binge consumers and as anti-consumers. Collectively, Filipino consumption practices that included dress challenged the parameters of social exclusion.

Joseph Chamberlain and the Third Reform Act: A Reassessment of the “Unauthorized Programme” of 1885

This article provides the first major analysis of the impact of Joseph Chamberlain's “Unauthorized Programme” on the General Election of 1885 in sixty-five years. Instead of focusing on high politics, it investigates the constituencies. Using quantitative analysis of linguistic data, it contends that historians have underestimated the program's impact on the speaking campaign, especially in the countryside, where its proposals of land reform, church disestablishment, and free education emerged as the dominant issues. That the “Unauthorized Programme” became so important so quickly in rural regions such as East Anglia, where radicalism had historically been weak, owed much to the underestimated importance of the enfranchisement of the agricultural laborer in 1884. Chamberlain's remarkable success in immediately setting the post-reform political agenda and in being seen as the chief threat by Conservative opponents fearful of the recently expanded democracy, arguably placed him in a significantly stronger position in the immediate aftermath of the 1885 election than historians—and perhaps he himself—imagined.

“THE FIT AND UNFIT”: SUITABLE SETTLERS FOR BRITAIN'S MID-NINETEENTH-CENTURY COLONIAL POSSESSIONS

IN 1830, 57,000 PASSENGERS DEPARTEDBRITISH PORTSfor overseas destinations. By 1840, the figure had risen to 185,000; by 1850, it had reached 281,000, a five-fold increase in just twenty years. Although these figures relate toalldepartees, they nevertheless give some indication of the sheer scale of mid nineteenth-century emigration from Britain, and it should be no surprise that a sizeable industry developed to supply the growing number of passengers, to meet their victualling needs, provide tools, equipment, and accommodation, as well as information about prospective destinations. The emigrant's departure was urged on by an outpouring of enthusiastic writings in mainstream periodicals and newspapers, by emigrant handbooks, illustrated volumes, and hand-colored prints. These descriptions of new, alluring, distant lands were set off against equally stylized construals of the old country in which the relative independence available to colonial settlers was contrasted with the unfavorable situation many faced in Britain. Addressing himself to the agricultural laborer in 1843, for example, John Chase bade him scan the changeable British skies, consider the bitter winter, poor accommodation, endemic sickness, his wife and children starving, the apothecary's bill accumulating, while the tax gatherer and landlord hovered at the door. Then look at the Cape, Chase urged, with its celestial climate, where sickness was the exception, where doctors pined for want of patients and apothecaries were impoverished for want of custom, where the tax gatherer was never seen and the landlord was the emigrant himself (243–44).