Correlation between Age, Gender, Occupation, Residential Area, and the Occurrence of Eyelid Tumor in Medan, Indonesia

AIM: The aim of the study was to find a correlation between the occurrence of eyelid tumors with age, gender, occupation, and residential area. SUBJECT AND METHODS: This is an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach conducted among 111 patients, includes all inpatients and outpatients who have been diagnosed with eyelid tumors starting from January 2014 to June 2018 in RSUP Haji Adam Malik, Medan, Indonesia. RESULTS: From 111 patients, 75 women (67.6%) and 36 men (32.4%) were found (PR: 1.5, 95% clinical incidence [CI] = 0.85–2.65). Majority patients were 51–60 years old (30.6%) (PR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.47–4.23). Mostly patients reside in lowland area (Medan city) (21.6%), while those living in highland area are more susceptible to eyelid tumor (PR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.52–2.47%). Overall patients are indoor worker (housewives) (34.2%), but outdoor worker are more likely affected (PR = 2.26, 95% CI = 0.95–5.36). Correlation between occurrence of an eyelid tumor and age are found (p = 0.001; R: 0.454), as well as the correlation between occurrence of eyelid tumor and occupation (p = 0.05; R: 0.183). Meanwhile, the occurrence of an eyelid tumors and gender was not correlated (p = 0.15; R: 0.135) same as the occurrence of an eyelid tumor and residential area (p = 0.723; R = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Age and occupation have a correlation with the occurrence of an eyelid tumor, while gender and residential have not correlated.

An Overview of Hydration Status and Its Relation to Occupational Heat Stress among Workers

Working in high temperature environment is unavoidable condition for an outdoor worker, especially the outdoor workers in to tropical countries such as Indonesia. Heat stress leads to various heat-related illnesses, such as heat stroke, hyperthermia, heat exhaustion, heat cramps or heat rashes. A mild and moderate heat stress usually less serious and did not harm general health condition, however it could cause individual fatigue and unfocused, which will interfere the working performance and productivity. Heat stress will had caused physiologic response of the body, as it needs to reduce the increased temperature inside the body; known as heat strain condition.

Elevated Core Temperature in Florida Fernery Workers: Results of a Pilot Study

With expected increases in extreme weather, there may be a greater risk of injury from extreme heat in outdoor worker populations. To plan for future adaptation measures, studies are needed that can characterize workers’ physiologic responses to heat in outdoor settings such as agriculture. The objective of this study was to characterize occupational heat exposure, key vulnerability factors (e.g., gender, energy expenditure), and physiologic heat stress response in a sample of fernery workers. Forty-three fernery workers over 86 workdays were examined regarding heat-related illness (HRI) during the summer months of 2012 and 2013. The key outcome measure was whether a participant’s body core temperature (Tc) reached or exceeded 38.0°C (100.4ºF; Tc38). Participants’ Tc exceeded 38.0°C on 49 (57%) of the workdays, with 30 of 40 participants reaching or exceeding Tc38 on at least one workday. Adjusting for sex, there was a 12% increase in the odds of Tc38 for every 100 kilocalories of energy expended (OR: 1.12; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: [1.03, 1.21]). Adjusting for energy expenditure, females had 5 times greater odds of Tc38 compared with males (OR: 5.38; 95% CI: [1.03, 18.30]). These findings provide evidence of elevated Tc in Florida fernery workers, indicating an increased risk of occupational HRI, and the need for policy and interventions to address this health risk.

Risk Factors for Acquisition of Endemic Blastomycosis

BACKGROUND: Blastomycosis is potentially fatal, but environmental risk factors for acquiring blastomycosis are not well established.METHOD: Matched cross-sectional questionnaire of 112 patients with history of blastomycosis and 118 control subjects in Manitoba and northwestern Ontario.RESULTS: The most common tissues involved with blastomycosis were pulmonary, skin and soft tissues, and bone. A significantly greater proportion of patients with blastomycosis than control subjects were involved in outdoor occupations. A significantly greater percentage of patients with blastomycosis were immunosuppressed either from collagen vascular disease or immunosuppressive therapy, or had hypothyroidism. A significant association between canine and human blastomycosis was not observed.CONCLUSIONS: Independent risk factors for development of blastomycosis included immunosuppression for any reason (including drugs or disease), collagen vascular disease, being an outdoor worker, and having a coworker with blastomycosis. Canine blastomycosis was not a risk factor for human disease in dog owners.