Role of counseling in the prevention of childhood obesity

Children tend to gain weight and develop obesity by the age of 9 months old. Therefore, it is essential to apply early interventions as early as this period because childhood obesity does not usually spontaneously resolve by age. Medical counseling with obese children and their caregivers is an essential interventional approach that can enhance the quality of care and the related outcomes. In this literature review, we have discussed the role of professional counseling in the management of pediatric obesity. Healthcare professionals can help caregivers to establish proper dietary intake with specific amounts of calories based on the administered food items per day to maintain healthy dietary habits. Taking care of any associated morbidities should also be considered. For instance, adequate care should be provided for obese children with DM to help them maintain optimal blood glucose levels by using healthy diets, exercising, and taking blood glucose-lowering medications. However, precautions should be considered as these patients might be subjected to hypoglycemic attacks as a result, which might increase their morbidity and mortality. Children and caregivers' education is a critical approach to enhance compliance and increase awareness of the management and interventions. Finally, further efforts should also be directed to the healthcare givers to make them more aware of the benefits of sticking to the guidelines and the importance of counseling in prevention and management.

Muscle Activation and Subjectively Perceived Effort in Typical Violin Positions

Violinists display a high incidence of task-specific musculoskeletal problems. Sources pertaining to violin playing and teaching traditions as well as musicians’ medicine research offer only imprecise and contradictory recommendations regarding suitable instrument positions. The aim of this study was to add to a growing scientific base for teaching and medical counseling regarding violin positioning. The study evaluated muscle activation (EMG) and subjectively perceived effort (Borg scale) in four standardized typical violin positions, as well as the violinists’ normally used one. The hypothesis, the smaller the angle between the instrument’s longitudinal axis (LoAx) and the player’s central sagittal plane (CSP) and the angle between its lateral axis (LatAx) and the player’s horizontal plane (HP), the more muscle activation and perceived effort in the violinist’s left arm, was confirmed: Decreasing the LoAx-CSP angle from 50° to 20° and the LatAx-HP angle from 50° to 20° resulted in a highly significant and independent increase of EMG and Borg scale self-ratings mean values. Results may allow for a first step in decision-making on violin positioning for ergonomic adaptations in teaching as well as prevention and therapy of playing-related health problems at all levels of proficiency.

COMMUNICATIVE FEATURES OF INTERACTION OF GYNECOLOGISTS WITH CLIENTS

This article discusses the problems of social and medical counseling. Within the framework of medicine, most clients remain satisfied with the quality of medical staff counseling, but there are certain specific areas of counseling where the individual and personal characteristics of the clients play an important role. An example of this service is the gynecological service. Clients of gynecologists are mostly pregnant women who have manifestations of emotional instability and anxiety. As a result, the standard counseling services for them do not fully meet their social and medical needs. In our survey, we found that in 100% of cases, the interviewed gynecologists indicated the presence of complaints from clients about their professional activities. The most frequent complaints were about inattention and emotional coldness of the gynecologist. Complaints are based on a purely subjective perception of clients and do not reflect the professional qualities of the doctor. This trend creates a need to develop an updated program of gynecological counseling to fully meet the needs of its clients.

Experience of using plant complexes in physiological completion of lactation

Ending breastfeeding is often quite a challenge for women, justifying the need for qualified medical counseling and accompaniment by a doctor. Quite frequently during weaning the baby, women complain about pain, discomfort and swelling of the breasts, which affects their overall physical and psychological well-being. However, due to possible rather serious side effects, medical support for stopping lactation is mostly recommended for women with clinical indications.Research aim: to determine the effectiveness of the proposed method with Normomens for physiological completion of lactation.Materials and methods. The study involved 65 women with an average duration of lactation 9 ± 1.23 months. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 included 34 women who received Normomens according to the scheme to stop lactation; group 2 included 31 patients who did not receive any medication. Patients were gynecological examined and counseled by oncologist. Patients' diaries included questions about the duration of lactation, presence and severity of mastalgia according to the Visual Analogue Scale, necessity of analgesics, frequency of breast pumping per day, features of psycho-emotional state according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Prolactin levels were also determined at the screening visit and on 25th day after weaning.Results. On the background of Normomens use the process of lactation completion was significantly easier, its completion came mostly on the 3–4 day after drug use, patients almost never complained of pain and discomfort in mammary glands, they less frequently breast pumped and had a more stable psycho-emotional state compared to the control group. Рrolactin level with usage of Normomens had a quick decrease compared to the control group.Conclusion. Normomens using for support the physiological finishing of lactation lead to acceleration of involutive processes in mammary glands, reduces pain severity and prevented psycho-emotional disorders in women.

INGUINAL LYMPHADENOPATHY IN PRIMARY METASTATIC LUNG CANCER

Herein we describe a patient’s history of a 45 y.o. man presenting with swollen lymphnodes who was subsequently diagnosed with stage IV lung cancer. Primary verifi cation was obtained via cytological evaluation of the lymph nodes of concern. Further clinical and additional diagnostics are described and accompanied with CT and MRI scans. Unfortunately, the patient died in 3 months after diagnosis despite attempts of chemotherapy which emphasizes the importance of timely medical counseling.

SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Results from an Observational Study in Primary Care in Belgium

COVID-19 also affects pregnant and breastfeeding women. Hence, clinicians and policymakers require reliable evidence on COVID-19 epidemiology and consequences in this population. We aimed to assess the susceptibility of pregnant women to SARS-CoV-2 and women’s perceived impact of the pandemic on their breastfeeding practices, medical counseling and social support. We performed a cross-sectional study using an online survey in primary care in Belgium. Pregnant and breastfeeding women and women who breastfed in the preceding four weeks were eligible to participate. The survey was distributed through social media in April 2020. In total, 6470 women participated (i.e., 2647 pregnant and 3823 breastfeeding women). Overall, 0.3% of all respondents reported to have tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, not indicating a higher susceptibility of pregnant women to contracting COVID-19. More than 90% refuted that the pandemic affected their breastfeeding practices, nor indicated that the coronavirus was responsible for breastfeeding cessation. Half of the women even considered giving longer breastmilk because of the coronavirus. In contrast, women’s medical counseling and social support were negatively affected by the lockdown. Women without previous breastfeeding experience and in the early postpartum period experienced a higher burden in terms of reduced medical counseling and support. In the future, more consideration and alternative supportive measures such as tele-visits by midwives or perinatal organizations are required for these women.

Mortality in Different Mountain Sports Activities Primarily Practiced in the Winter Season—A Narrative Review

Annually, millions of people engage in mountain sports activities all over the world. These activities are associated with health benefits, but concurrently with a risk for injury and death. Knowledge on death rates is considered important for the categorization of high-risk sports in literature and for the development of effective preventive measures. The death risk has been reported to vary across different mountain sports primarily practiced in the summer season. To complete the spectrum, the aim of the present review is to compare mortality rates across different mountain sports activities primarily practiced in winter. A comprehensive literature search was performed on the death risk (mortality) during such activities, i.e., alpine (downhill) skiing, snowboarding, cross-country skiing, ski touring, and sledging. With the exception of ski touring (4.4 deaths per 1 million exposure days), the mortality risk was low across different winter sports, with small activity-specific variation (0.3–0.8 deaths per 1 million exposure days). Traumatic (e.g., falls) and non-traumatic (e.g., cardiac death) incidents and avalanche burial in ski tourers were the predominant causes of death. Preventive measures include the improvement of sport-specific skills and fitness, the use of protective gear, well-targeted and intensive training programs concerning avalanche hazards, and sports-medical counseling for elderly and those with pre-existing diseases.

Menstrual disorders and medical counseling among schoolgirls in South Egypt: a cross-sectional study

Background Menstrual disorders are common gynecological problems among adolescents, however, medical counseling for these disorders is not well documented in developing countries. Objectives This study aimed to assess medical counseling for menstrual disorders among schoolgirls in Beni-Suef city in South Egypt. Methods Using a multi-stage random sampling, a total of 970 preparatory schoolgirls were included in this study. We used a self-administered questionnaire to detect the premenstrual and menstrual disorders as reported by the schoolgirls during the previous 6 months. Medical counseling for the menstrual disorders and other demographic characteristics were also surveyed. Results The mean age of the schoolgirls was 15.4 ± 0.8 years, age of menarche 13.2 ± 1.1 years and menstrual flow days 5.0 ± 1.3. During the past 6 months, 19.4% of the schoolgirls reported medical counseling for at least one menstrual symptom. Dysmenorrhea (89.2%), premenstrual fatigue (32.4%) and headache (31.1%) were the most often reported symptoms. After adjustment for personal and gynecological characters, abdominal bloating [odds ratio (OR) 3.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.18–6.17], flow days >4 (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.21–2.47), acne flare (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.01–1.99), dysuria (OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.35–3.22) and facial hair (OR 6.89; 95% CI 3.47–13.69) were associated significantly with a higher likelihood of medical counseling. Conclusion Menstrual disorders are highly prevalent among preparatory schoolgirls in Beni-Suef, however, there is a noticeable lack of the medical counseling for these disorders. Future research should focus on the barriers to medical counseling for menstrual disorders among adolescents.

Factors that hamper the sexual life of women with motor disabilities

The sexuality of women with disabilities is an issue that still requires exploration despite the growing interest of researchers and clinicians in the topic. The focus of the deliberations is on analysis of factors that hamper the sexual life of women with motor disabilities. This phenomenon is presented based on the findings of available studies and analyses. The following issues are described: stereotypes, myths, and prejudice concerning sexuality, sexual knowledge, sexual violence, body image, and sexual identity. Also, sexual health and medical counseling are analyzed.