A note on machine method for root extraction

The present investigation deals with the critical study of the works of Lancaster and Traub, who have developed $n$th root extraction methods of a real number. It is found that their developed methods are equivalent and the particular cases of Halley's and Householder's methods. Again the methods presented by them are easily obtained from simple modifications of Newton's method, which is the extension of Heron's square root iteration formula. Further, the rate of convergency of their reported methods are studied.

Magnetic mallets – A stroke of luck in implantology: A review

Magnetic mallet was introduced in dentistry by Bonwill in 1873. It was introduced with the aim of increasing the efficacy of hammered gold fillings. Magnetic mallet is a magnetodynamical handpiece with an ergonomical design. It comprises central control with force adjustment, sterilizable handpiece with different replaceable tips, and pedal control. It comes with an entire range of bone expanders/osteotomes, cutter, and other instruments. It is applicable for procedures such as tooth and root extraction, impacted tooth removal, delayed implant placement, bone manipulating and sinus lifting procedures, root apex resection, removal of crowns, bridges, and implant part. The use of magnetic mallet is said to provide with better clinical advantage.

Optimasi Suhu dan Waktu Ekstraksi Akar Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia jack.) Menggunakan Metode RSM (response surface methodology) dengan Pelarut Etanol 70%

Akar pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) telah lama dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional oleh masyarakat Indonesia sebagai aprodisiaka. Ekstraksi akar tumbuhan ini dilakukan dengan berbagai pelarut yang salah satunya menggunakan etanol 70%. Pemilihan pelarut ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh kandungan zat berkhasiat semaksimal mungkin yang ditandai dengan rendemen yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan suhu dan waktu ekstraksi optimum pada proses ekstraksi akar E. longifolia dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Metode OFAT (One Factor at The Time) digunakan pada uji pendahuluan dan metode RSM (Response Surface Methodology) digunakan pada desain eksperimen dengan bantuan software MINITAB 17. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan 13 titik perlakuan dengan kombinasi suhu dan waktu yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa titik optimum rendemen ekstraksi akar E.longifolia sebesar 4,07% diperoleh pada suhu 51,8oC dan waktu 12,13 jam dengan nilai D (desirability) sebesar 0,92. Uji validasi model RSM menunjukkan keakuratan sebesar 97,76%. Model persamaan regresi yang menggambarkan pengaruh suhu dan waktu ekstraksi terhadap rendemen akar E. longifolia adalah Y = - 70,1 + 2,536X1 + 1,387X2 – 0,02389X12 – 0,0464X22 – 0,00500X1X2. Kata Kunci: Eurycoma longifolia Jack., Suhu dan Waktu Ekstraksi, Metode RSM, Etanol 70%The root of the pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) has long been used as a traditional medicine by the Indonesian people as an aphrodisiac. Extraction of plant roots is carried out with various solvents, one of which uses ethanol 70%. The selection of this solvent was carried out to obtain the maximum possible active metabolite content which is characterized by high yield. This study aims to determine the optimum extraction temperature and time in the root extraction process of E. longifolia with 70% ethanol as solvent. The OFAT (One Factor at The Time) method was used in the preliminary test and the RSM (Response Surface Methodology) method was used in the experimental design with the help of MINITAB 17 software. The study was conducted using 13 treatment points with different combinations of temperature and time. The results showed that the optimum yield point of E. longifolia root extraction was 4.07% at a temperature of 51.8°C and extraction time of 12.13 hours with D (desirability) value of 0.92. The validation test of the RSM model shows an accuracy of 97.76%. The regression equation model that describes the effect of temperature and extraction time on the root yield of E. longifolia is Y = - 70.1 + 2.536X1 + 1.387X2 – 0.02389X12 – 0.0464X22 – 0.00500X1X2.

A Cloud-Assisted Proxy Re-Encryption Scheme for Efficient Data Sharing Across IoT Systems

In recent years, the growth of IoT applications is rapid in nature and widespread across several domains. This tremendous growth of IoT applications leads to various security and privacy concerns. The existing security algorithms fail to provide improved security features across IoT devices due to its resource constrained nature (inability to handle a huge amount of data). In this context, the authors propose a cloud-assisted proxy re-encryption scheme for efficient data sharing across IoT systems. The proposed approach solves the root extraction problem using near-ring. This improves the security measures of the system. The security analysis of the proposed approach states that it provides improved security with lesser computational overheads.

Temuan susuk pada gambaran radiografi seorang wanita dengan nyeri orofasialThe radiographic finding of charm needles in a woman with orofacial pain

Pendahuluan: Susuk merupakan struktur mirip jarum logam yang disematkan ke dalam jaringan lunak. Nyeri orofasial pada pengguna susuk, dapat diakibatkan karena trauma dan nyeri saat pemakaian gigi tiruan, neuralgia benda asing, potensi kerusakan organ vital atau penetrasi pada struktur neurovaskuler. Laporan kasus ini bertujuan membahas keluhan nyeri orofasial pada seorang wanita yang telah diderita selama 3 tahun dan memiliki riwayat pemasangan susuk. Laporan kasus: Pasien wanita, 38 tahun datang dengan keluhan sakit menusuk dan berdenyut pada sisi kanan wajah yang muncul dan hilang timbul sejak kurang lebih 3 tahun yang lalu. Pasien telah memeriksakan diri ke bagian saraf, Telinga Hidung Tenggorokan (THT), dan dokter gigi umum tetapi keluhan tetap ada. Hasil pemeriksaan di bagian Ilmu Penyakit Mulut dalam batas normal, tampak mukosa pucat akibat overextended sayap gigi tiruan sebagian lepasan (GTSL). Hasil radiografi tampak sisa akar 14 dan corpus alienum pada rahang atas dan bawah. Rencana perawatan yaitu ekstraksi akar 14 serta penyesuaian gigi tiruan. Satu tahun kemudian, pasien datang kembali dengan keluhan nyeri telah berkurang, namun terkadang muncul. Lokasi nyeri diawali dari titik corpus alienum (susuk) rahang atas, kemudian menyebar ke bibir dan pipi kanan. Sisa akar 14 dan susuk di regio bukal 16 dianggap sebagai benda asing yang dapat mencetuskan terjadinya neuralgia (foreign body neuralgia). Pencabutan sisa akar mampu mengurangi kualitas nyeri, tetapi susuk belum dihilangkan. Nyeri yang masih tersisa diterapi antikonvulsan, anti nyeri dan multivitamin. Simpulan: Corpus alienum susuk pada gambaran radiografi pasien ini, dapat menjadi salah satu sumber penyebab keluhan nyeri orofasial. Tatalaksana komprehensif dari berbagai disiplin ilmu diperlukan dalam kasus nyeri orofasial.Kata kunci: Nyeri, orofasial, susuk. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Charm needles are metal-based pin inserted within the soft tissue. Orofacial pain in charm needles wearers could be caused by trauma and pain in full denture patients, foreign body neuralgia, and potential damage to vital organs and penetration of neurovascular structures. This case report was aimed to discuss orofacial pain in a woman with charm needles that has been occurred in 3 years. Case report: A 38-year woman, complaining of spontaneous stabbing and throbbing pain on the right side of the face for three years prior. The patient had examinations from the neurologist, otolaryngologist, and general dentist, but the complaint remained. Clinical examinations at the Oral Medicine Department showed a normal and pale mucosa which recognised as an overextended denture. Radiographic findings showed the remaining root of tooth #14 and a corpus alienum over the maxillary and mandibular region. Root extraction and adjustment of denture were performed. One year later, the patient came back with a complaint of reduced pain but sometimes emerged from the point of the maxillary corpus alienum (charm needles), then spread to the right lip and cheek. The remaining root of tooth #14 and the charm needles in the buccal region #16 were considered as foreign objects that can trigger neuralgia (foreign body neuralgia). Root extraction could reduce the pain, but the charm needles was not extracted. Existing pain was treated with anticonvulsants, analgesic, and multivitamins. Conclusion: Corpus alienum in the form of charm needles in the patient’s radiographic finding can be one source of orofacial pain. Comprehensive treatment from different field of disciplines is needed in the orofacial pain case.Keywords: Pain, orofacial, charmed needles.