Nilpotency and strong nilpotency for finite semigroups

Nilpotent semigroups in the sense of Mal’cev are defined by semigroup identities. Finite nilpotent semigroups constitute a pseudovariety, MN, which has finite rank. The semigroup identities that define nilpotent semigroups lead us to define strongly Mal’cev nilpotent semigroups. Finite strongly Mal’cev nilpotent semigroups constitute a non-finite rank pseudovariety, SMN. The pseudovariety SMN is strictly contained in the pseudovariety MN, but all finite nilpotent groups are in SMN. We show that the pseudovariety MN is the intersection of the pseudovariety BGnil with a pseudovariety defined by a κ-identity. We further compare the pseudovarieties MN and SMN with the Mal’cev product 𝖩ⓜ𝖦nill.

Varieties satisfying semigroup identities: Algebras over a finite field and rings

We study varieties of associative algebras over a finite field and varieties of associative rings satisfying semigroup or adjoint semigroup identities. We characterize these varieties in terms of “forbidden algebras” and discuss some corollaries of the characterizations.

On equivalence of semigroup identities

For a given relation $\rho$ on a free semigroup ${\mathcal F}$ we describe the smallest cancellative fully invariant congruence ${\rho}^{\sharp}$ containing $\rho$. Two semigroup identities are s-equivalent if each of them is a consequence of the other on cancellative semigroups. If two semigroup identities are equivalent on groups, it is not known if they are s-equivalent. We give a positive answer to this question for all binary semigroup identities of the degree less or equal to 5. A poset of corresponding varieties of groups is given.