Congenital Arteriovenous Malformation of Lip - A Case Report

Vascular anomalies are a heterogeneous group of lesions involving vascular channels including the lymphatics. They encompass a wide variety of lesions from simple capillary haemangiomas to angiosarcomas. These lesions most commonly occur as a result of developmental error during embryogenesis due to defective signal process.1 Most of these lesions occur sporadically while a few may be inherited or acquired. Inherited lesions tend to be small and multi-centric which gradually increase its size with age.2 The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies has broadly classified vascular anomalies into 2 groups: 1) Vascular neoplasms and 2) Vascular malformations.3 Vascular malformations are a relatively rare group of lesions involving the endothelium and surrounding tissue of arteries and veins resulting in an abnormal arteriovenous shunting. They are categorised into 4 types: 1) Venous malformation, 2) Capillary malformation, 3) Arteriovenous malformation and 4) Lymphatic malformation. They can occur anywhere in the body from head to toe, but they are most commonly seen in the brain. The most common extra-cranial site for AV malformations is the head and neck and other common sites include limbs, trunk and viscera.4 Here, we a present a rare case of congenital AV malformation of lip in a 49-year-old male.

Spontaneous obliteration of congenital arteriovenous malformation of the brain in childhood

Objective: to present a clinical case of spontaneous obliteration of congenital arteriovenous malformation of the brain in a 4-year-old child. Neurosonography revealed arteriovenous malformation in a 1-month-old girl; the diagnosis was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and multispiral computed tomography of the brain. The child did not receive surgical and drug treatment. Dynamic observation showed a decrease of malformation, and a control examination (age: 4 years) revealed a focus of gliosis, which indicated a complete spontaneous regression of arteriovenous malformation. The authors discuss diagnostic features, tactics of conservative and surgical treatment of children with arteriovenous malformation.

Congenital Arteriovenous Malformation of the Scalp Involving the Orbit

Background Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the scalp are rare and infrequently encountered by the neurosurgeon. Case Description We report a unique case of a 42-year-old patient who presented with a progressive worsening of visual acuity in the right eye (lower quadrantanopia) and palpebral ptosis. Physical examination revealed a right exophthalmos and a right frontoparietal scalp soft swelling when the patient was in the supine position. Neurologic work-up showed a scalp AVM extending into the orbit and connected to an intraorbital cavernous angioma. The patient was treated with a frontotemporal craniotomy and decompression of the orbit. Conclusions In the rare case of intraorbital extension of a scalp AVM, neurologic symptoms may appear when the size of the vascular malformation increases with age. The aims of surgery should be decompression of the orbit and aesthetic preservation, rather than complete excision. A review of the literature is also provided.

Reversible pulmonary hypertension and high-output heart failure triggered by pregnancy in a patient with congenital arteriovenous malformation: A case report

Background Arteriovenous malformations rarely cause congestive heart failure. Pregnancy may in theory trigger heart failure associated with congenital arteriovenous malformations leading to secondary pulmonary hypertension, but no cases have been reported proving that condition. Methods and results We report a 23-year-old pregnant woman at 36 + 5 weeks of gestation requiring urgent medical care because of shortness of breath. High-output heart failure was suspected, and a congenital arteriovenous malformation on the right scapular region was considered as the possible origin. The patient required urgent caesarean delivery because of ongoing cardiac failure, which improved soon after delivery. Postpartum angiography of the right subclavian artery revealed an arteriovenous malformation on the deltoid region with venous drainage through the subclavian vein and increased flow to the superior cava vein and right atrium. Conclusion A high index of suspicion of arteriovenous malformations should be maintained in pregnant women with cutaneous vascular malformation-like lesions, if symptoms of heart failure are present.