A novel tool monitoring approach for diamond wire sawing

Mobile diamond wire sawing is a highly flexible, productive and, versatile cutting process. Accordingly, it is used in many areas, such as the dismantling of nuclear power plants or wind turbines. Despite the widespread use of the process, the cutting process requires continuous manual monitoring by the machine operator. This is due to the continuously changing cutting conditions. A common process error is tool breakage. It is often caused by the displacement of the grinding segments (cutting beads). Due to the cutting speed (up to 30 m/s), these failures cannot be detected and prevented by the machine operator. However, a measuring system or process monitoring does not exist yet. Accordingly, a damaged diamond wire can become hooked, which often results in wire breaks. As a result, grinding segments break away from the wire, which can lead to deadly accidents. Therefore, a new approach for monitoring the tool for diamond wire grinding will be investigated. The paper is divided into five sections. First, the requirements for the sensor system are derived. After the selection of a measuring principle and the functional verification in the grinding process, the monitoring approach is presented and features for monitoring the tool with regard to the displacement of grinding segments are described. It was shown that the developed approach is suitable for monitoring the diamond wire tool during the sawing process. The investigation on a prepared diamond wire tool also demonstrated that the feature allows the detection of displacing grinding segments already from 2 mm.

Wastewater-based epidemiology: current uses and future opportunities as a public health surveillance tool

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) seeks to use biological or chemical indicators in sewage to provide information on the overall health of a community. This paper provides an overview of the range of applications of WBE over the past two decades, how it has been used to inform public health responses, and considerations for more integrated approaches to WBE based on a review of the literature. The review finds that WBE has been used extensively around the world for the estimation of consumption patterns of illicit drugs and other substances, but a range of novel applications also exist. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, many communities used WBE for the first time as a complementary public health surveillance tool, monitoring trends in SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in large cities, and for micro-surveillance on a more targeted level. WBE may continue to be a useful public health surveillance tool in the future; however, several limitations and challenges exist. Consideration of how information obtained through WBE can be used to inform public health responses is essential to understanding the potential costs and benefits compared with conventional public health surveillance techniques.

APLIKASI ALAT PULSE NEUTRON LOGGING UNTUK MENENTUKAN ZONA HIDROKARBON BARU DI LAPANGAN X

Pengukuran Neutron Porosity pada sumur terbuka (Open Hole) ditujukan untuk mengukur indeks hidrogen yang terdapat pada formasi batuan. Indeks hidrogen didefinsikan sebagai rasio dari konsentrasi atom hidrogen setiap cm3 batuan terhadap kandungan air murni pada suhu 75oF. Neutron Porosity log tidaklah mengukur porositas sesungguhnya dari batuan, melainkan yang diukur adalah kandungan hidrogen yang terdapat pada pori-pori batuan. Secara sederhana, semakin berpori batuan semakin banyak kandungan hidrogen dan semakin tinggi indeks hidrogen. Sehingga, shale yang banyak mengandung hidrogen dapat ditafsirkan memiliki porositas yang tinggi pula. Untuk mengantisipasi uncertainty tersebut, maka pada praktiknya, interpretasi porositas dapat dilakukan dengan mengelaborasikan log density logging. Pengukuran diatas dilakukan pada sumur terbuka (Open Hole) untuk mengetahui respon dari litology, salinity, tipe fluida dan lain-lain. Sedangkan, pengukuran Neutron pada sumur tertutup (Cased Hole) akan sulit dan membutuhkan alat yang khusus. Pada Tesis kali ini penulis ingin memberikan suatu metode penilian formasi dengan mengunakan alat Reservoir Tool Monitoring (RMT) yang dapat bekerja di dalam casing maupun di dalam tubing. Kata Kunci : Alat Pulse Neutron Logging, Hidrocarbon dalam Tubing

A study on a general cyber machine tools monitoring system in smart factories

The massive data produced in real manufacturing processes provides a micro observation mechanism for managers and producers, which helps to analyze and grasp the manufacturing details, to form a macro decision-making mechanism, and finally to improve the manufacturing quality and production efficiency. This paper deeply investigates the real-time acquisition method of machine tool processing data and presents a general method of data analysis in different actual application scenarios to solve the general problem of insufficient and inappropriate utilization of machine tools. A framework of general machine tool monitoring system with four layers is proposed and several key stumbling blocks are researched, such as heterogeneous machine data acquisition, data analysis, and related application. These achievements are applied in a general cyber machine tools monitoring system based on MTConnect, which has greatly improved the utilization of machine tools and become a valuable unit in the framework of intelligent manufacturing and smart factory.