RELIGIOUS MODERATION AS THE INITIAL EFFORT TO FORM TOLERANCE ATTITUDE OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

As social beings living in a pluralistic environment, a moderate attitude is needed to create tolerance between existing differences. It is necessary to realize the cultivation of religious moderation in education to get a moderate understanding. Religious moderation needs to be instilled not only in universities but also at the elementary school level to create student tolerance from an early age. This study aims to determine the tolerance attitude of elementary school students like what is formed by cultivating the value of religious moderation. The research types were field research and library research. The population of this study was students of SDN 010 Simpang Petai Village, with 94 students as the sample from the high class, namely grades 4, 5, and 6. The field research findings showed that the tolerance attitude of SDN 010 students in Simpang Petai Village in the peace aspect was at 30%, the respect for differences and individuals was at 25%, and the awareness aspect was at 18%. This result indicated that the tolerance attitude of students was in a bad category. Then, the field data results became a reference for conducting library research that this religious moderation was realized through character education: value inculcation, cognitive moral development, value analysis, value clarification, and learning to action approaches. In this way, student tolerance would be formed, namely religious tolerance, thought tolerance, social tolerance, and racial tolerance in elementary school students.AbstrakSebagai makhluk sosial yang hidup di lingkungan yang majemuk maka sangat dibutuhkan sikap yang moderat agar terciptanya toleransi antar perbedaan yang ada. Untuk sampai kepada pemahaman yang moderat, maka dibutuhkan realisasi penanaman paham moderasi beragama dalam dunia pendidikan. Moderasi beragama perlu ditanamkan tidak hanya ditingkat perguruan tinggi, tapi juga sekolah dasar agar terciptanya sikap toleransi siswa dari sejak dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sikap toleransi siswa sekolah dasar seperti apa yang terbentuk melalui penanaman nilai moderasi beragama. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) dan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Adapun papulasi dari penelitian ini adalah siswa SDN 010 Desa Simpang Petai dengan sampel adalah kelas tinggi yaitu kelas 4, 5, dan 6 berjumlah 94 orang. Adapun hasil penelitian lapangan yaitu ditemukan sikap toleransi siswa SDN 010 Desa Simpang Petai pada aspek kedamaian berada di angka 30%, aspek mengahargai pebedaan dan individu berada pada angka 25% dan pada aspek kesadaran diangka 18%, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sikap toleransi siswa berada pada kategori buruk. Hasil data lapangan menjadi acuan untuk melakukan penelitian kepustakaan bahwa moderasi beragama ini direalisasikan melalui pendidikan karakter yaitu, pendekatan penanaman nilai, pendekatan perkembangan moral kognitif, pendekatan analisis nilai, pendekatan klarifikasi nilai, dan pendekatan pembelajaran berbuat, sehingga terbentuk sikap toleransi siswa yaitu toleransi beragama, toleransi pemikiran, toleransi sosial, dan toleransi rasial pada siswa sekolah dasar.

Active formation of tolerance in case of allergy to cow's milk proteins

Food allergy is a potentially life-threatening condition in which there are no approved pathogenetic treatments other than elimination of the causal allergen and relief of acute allergic conditions. IgE- mediated form of food allergy remains a serious and growing problem worldwide. Its prevalence is steadily increasing, and is a severe psychosocial and economic burden for patients and their families. Cow's milk and products based on it are important components of a child's diet, which are introduced into the diet of children of the first year of life, but can cause allergic reactions. The traditional management of children with cow's milk allergy consists in prescribing an elimination dairy-free diet and a significant part of patients form tolerance to milk proteins by the age of 5 years. However, with persistent forms of allergy to cows milk proteins, the question is raised about the need for "active" tactics of patient management in order to form tolerance. Oral immunotherapy is a promising approach to the treatment of food allergies based on a gradual increase in the allergen taken, by analogy with standardized immunotherapy for respiratory allergens, until a maintenance dose is reached. Each stage of oral immunotherapy should be considered as a personalized therapy. This review contains an analysis of available studies on the effectiveness of oral immunotherapy in the treatment of allergy to cow's milk proteins.

Educational potential of the project «Identity of the indigenous peoples of Kamchatka — the relationship between man and nature»

В статье рассматривается образовательный потенциал проекта «Идентичность коренных народов Камчатки — взаимоотношения человека и природы», реализуемого НКО Национальная ассоциации деятелей образования, науки, культуры и искусства «НИКА» с 2019 года. Проект представляет собой комплекс мероприятий, среди которых научно-творческая экспедиция на Камчатку, выставки, образовательные мероприятия, научные конференции, издательская программа и многое другое. В ходе реализации проекта ставятся цели поликультурного развития личности, этнокультурной самоидентификации детей, подростков и молодежи. Вопрос поликультурного воспитания стоит сегодня перед образованием остро, как никогда. Автор анализирует возможности разных методов работы с целевыми аудиториями для формирования толерантности, привлечения внимания к культуре, истории коренных малочисленных народов Камчатки, построения межпредметных связей на внеурочных просветительских мероприятиях. The article examines the educational potential of the project «Identity of the indigenous peoples of Kamchatka — the relationship between man and nature» implemented by the NGO National Association of Education, Science, Culture and Art «NIKA» since 2019. The project is a complex of events, including a scientific and creative expedition to Kamchatka, exhibitions, educational events, scientific conferences, a publishing program and much more. In the course of the project implementation, the goals of multicultural personality development, ethnocultural self-identification of children, adolescents and youth are set. The issue of multicultural education is now more relevant than ever before. The article analyzes the possibilities and methods of working with target audiences to form tolerance, attracts attention to the culture and history of the indigenous peoples of Kamchatka, and builds inter-subject relations at extracurricular educational events.

Experimental verification of the pedagogical conditions efficacy to build tolerance among future officers of the National Guard of Ukraine

This paper highlights the results of the experimental verification of the pedagogical conditions efficacy to build tolerance among future officers of the National Guard of Ukraine (NGU). The identified pedagogical conditions to build the NGU future officers' tolerance are changes to the educational environment, filling the latter with practical examples of the benefits of being tolerant; faculty development and course officers' professional development in terms of building learners' tolerance; identification of the educational components to form tolerance as a quality, corresponding changes to these components' educational and methodological packages. The experiment has demonstrated that the learners of the mixed groups, both females and males, have higher levels of their tolerance in both CG and EG before and after the experiment. Therefore, the pedagogical conditions for the formation of the NGU future officers' tolerance should also embrace, if possible, the formation of mixed training groups of future officers, including both males and females.

TOLERANCE AS A COMPONENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE POLICEMEN AND POLICEWOMEN

The article considers the problem of formation of tolerance as a component of competence of future policemen and policewomen, defines the concepts and structural components of tolerance. It is substantiated that tolerance is one of the most important qualities and general cultural competencies of a person, which is most effectively formed on the basis of a certain model of learning. The study emphasizes that the structural model is a part of the learning process and includes such components as: target, incentive-motivational, content, procedural, control-regulatory, evaluation-effective ones. In the scientific work an attempt is made to give a brief description of some components of the educational process in the context of the research topic, namely: target, stimulating-motivational, meaningful components. The target component of the learning model, which aims to form tolerance, should be in order to create favourable conditions for identifying, initiating and using individual (subjective) personal experience of tolerance and a certain educational environment based on the principles of tolerance pedagogy and, above all, willingness to accept others as they are, as well as interact with them on the basis of consent and understanding. The next structural component of the above mentioned model is the incentive-motivational component, which includes motivation for a deeper study of the proposed issue of all participants in the pedagogical process; determining the level of knowledge of applicants on the problem of tolerance, etc. Changing the target orientation of learning changes the emphasis in the semantic component of learning, as in the process of learning the main system-forming element is the content of learning (learning material that embodies the goals of learning). Tolerance, which is presented in the form of a structural model and a brief description of the individual components, allows to make assumptions about the further study of the structural components of the pedagogical process and their role in the formation of personality tolerance.

Form tolerance analysis and multi-parametric optimization of meso deep square hole EDMed on Inconel-718 plate using GRA method

PurposeThe main objective of this experimental work is to analyze and measure the form tolerances namely flatness and squareness while machining a meso deep hole in EDM on Inconel-718 material plate.Design/methodology/approachThe experiments were performed on 15 amps rated SPARKONIX-EDM as per DOE (design of experiments). Kerosene was used as a dielectric along with constant pressure of 0.2 kg/cm2 for all trial runs. The currents Ton and Toff were selected as process constraints to conduct experimental trials. The MRR, EWR, machining time and form tolerances were considered as output responses. The experimental outcomes were optimized by hybrid optimization using Taguchi and GRA (grey relational analysis) method.FindingsThe EDM process parameters for Ni-based super alloy namely Inconel-718 had optimized by using GRA method coupled with Taguchi method. The optimum solution has been calculated for MRR, EWR, machining time and form tolerances namely squareness and flatness. The optimized parameters for the output responses in EDM process are Peak current (Ip) 12 Amps, 400 µs Ton (pulse on time) and 10 µs Toff (pulse off time). An attempt had also been made to attain Max. and Min. Evaluation of MRR and form tolerances, respectively. The attained optimum outcomes had also been examined through a real experiment and established to be satisfactory.Practical implicationsThis article will facilitate the defense, aerospace and EDM industries to improve their productivity with closer tolerances.Originality/valueThe optimized parameters by multi-parametric optimization showed the considerable improvement in the process and will facilitate the defense, aerospace and EDM industries to improve their productivity with closer tolerances.

Analysis of Dimensional Tolerances on Hydraulic and Acoustic Properties of a New Type of Prototypal Gear Pumps

This study focuses on the construction of a prototype series of pumps. The technological capabilities of the entire series of gear pumps with a three-poly-involute outline were determined. We developed neural networks to analyze the dimensional tolerance and composition of the pump components and impact on the distribution for the constructed units. The most crucial dimensions to control were then determined—namely, dimensional and form tolerance were necessary—with a reduction in accuracy classification where it is less important. Measurements of acoustic quantities and of vibrations were also carried out. In conclusion, after positive verification, printed polyethylene wheels can be manufactured in greater, mass-produced quantities. Optimization techniques can then be applied, leading to reduced manufacturing costs and increased efficiency.

Study on the Extraction Simulation of the Cylindrical Features

The extraction simulation method and theory of cylindrical components were promoted in this paper. According to the manufacturing principle of the cylindrical components, the main influence factors of their precision manufacturing were analyzed, and their extraction models of cylindrical features were built under the analysis of the errors of the slideway and the spindle as well as the parallelism error between the slideway and the spindle rotary axis. The determination principle of modeling parameters of cylindrical features was studied. According to the extraction strategies of the roundness profiles, generatrix profiles, birdcage profile, and single spiral profile, some cylindrical features were simulated by using the established models, and their corresponding global sizes, calculated sizes, and form errors were evaluated and compared. The simulation experiments showed that the simulation models can meet the needs for the research of the relationship among the size tolerance, the form tolerance, the waviness, and the roughness, and can be taken as the theoretic base for the error budgets of the slideway and the rotation spindle in the design of precision machine tools.

Effect of Measuring Instrument Eccentricity and Tilt Error on Circularity Form Error

From power stations to power tools, from the smallest watch to the largest car, all contain round components. In precision machining of cylindrical parts, the measurement and evaluation of roundness (also called circularity in ASME Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing Y14.5) and cylindricity are indispensable components to quantify form tolerance. Of all the methods of measuring these form errors, the most precise is the one with accurate spindle/turntable type measuring instrument. On the instrument, the component is rotated on a highly accurate spindle which provides an imaginary circular datum. The workpiece axis is aligned with the axis of the spindle by means of a centering and tilt adjustment leveling table. In this article, the authors have investigated the dependence of circularity form error on instrument’s centering error (also known as eccentricity) and tilt error. It would be intriguing to map this nonlinear relationship within its effective boundaries and to investigate the limits beyond which the measurement costs and time remain no more efficient. In this study, a test part with different circular and cylindrical features were studied with varying levels of predetermined instrument eccentricity and tilt errors. Additionally, this article explores the significance of incorporating these parameters into undergraduate and graduate engineering curricula, and be taught as an improved toolkit to the aspiring engineers, process engineers and quality control professionals.