A Research and Application of Three Dimensional Digitization Technology for Restore Chinese Architectural heritage from the Thirteen Factories

The purpose of this paper is to study Non-physical historical buildings composed by computer 3D models to enhance the experience of city culture and realize the “digital city” information management. Non-physical historical buildings could be an important core cover a city culture and memory, and main competitiveness of city development as well. The Thirteen Factories of canton was the center of Sino-Western commercial which including the integration of culture and trade. The research methodology mainly adapted on three approach. 1) Interpretation and transformation for historical information at the Thirteen Factories Yi Guan Area. 2) According to 3D modeling and texture processing achieve real virtual recreation practice.3) To discuss the ways of digital technology to restore the Non-physical historical buildings. This paper focuses on relationship of digital technology and historical culture heritage, which could improve the economics transformation of city culture.

Late Weichselian and Holocene palaeoceanography of Storfjordrenna, southern Svalbard

Multiproxy analyses (including benthic and planktonic foraminifera, δ18O and δ13C records, grain-size distribution, ice-rafted debris, XRF geochemistry and magnetic susceptibility) were performed on a 14C-dated marine sediment core from Storfjordrenna, located off of southern Svalbard. The sediments in the core cover the termination of Bølling–Allerød, the Younger Dryas and the Holocene and reflect general changes in the oceanography/climate of the European Arctic after the last glaciation. Grounded ice of the last Svalbard–Barents Sea Ice Sheet retreated from the coring site ca. 13 950 cal yr BP. During the transition from the subglacial to glaciomarine setting, Arctic Waters dominated the hydrography in Storfjordrenna. However, the waters were not uniformly cold and experienced several warmer spells. A progressive warming and marked change in the nature of the hydrology occurred during the early Holocene. Relatively warm and saline Atlantic Water began to dominate the hydrography starting from approximately 9600 cal yr BP. Although the climate in eastern Svalbard was milder at that time than at present (smaller glaciers), two periods of slight cooling were observed in 9000–8000 and 6000–5500 cal yr BP. A change in the Storfjordrenna oceanography occurred at the beginning of the late Holocene (i.e. 3600 cal yr BP) synchronously with glacier growth on land and enhanced bottom current velocities. Although cooling was observed in the Surface Water, Atlantic Water remained present in the deeper portion of the water column of Storfjordrenna.

Late Weichselian and Holocene paleoceanography of Storfjordrenna, southern Svalbard

Multiproxy analyses (incl. benthic and planktonic foraminifera, δ18O and δ13C records, grain-size distribution, ice-rafted debris, XRF geochemistry and magnetic susceptibility) were performed on a 14C dated marine sediment core from Storfjordrenna, off southern Svalbard. The sediments in the core cover the termination of Bølling–Allerød, the Younger Dryas and the Holocene, and they reflect general changes in the hydrology/climate of the European Arctic after the last glaciation. Grounded ice of the last Svalbard- Barents Sea Ice Sheet retreated from the coring site ca. 13 850 cal yr BP. During the transition from the sub-glacial to glacimarine setting, Arctic Waters dominated the hydrography in Storfjordrenna. However, the waters were not uniformly cold and experienced several warmer spells. A progressive warming and marked change in the nature of hydrology occurred during the early Holocene. Relatively warm and saline Atlantic Water started to dominate the hydrography from approx. 9500 cal yr BP. Even though the climate in eastern Svalbard was milder at that time than at present (smaller glaciers), there were two slight coolings observed in the periods of 9000–8000 cal yr BP and 6000–5500 cal yr BP. A change of the Storfjordrenna hydrology occurred at the beginning of late Holocene synchronously with glacier growth on land and enhanced bottom current velocities. Although cooling was observed in the surface water, Atlantic Water remained present in the deeper part of water column of Storfjordrenna.

Nonreciprocal optical Bloch oscillations in garnet/silicon-on-insulator waveguide arrays

ABSTRACTWe show that nonreciprocal Bloch-like oscillations can emerge in passive optical waveguide arrays with linearly growing effective index in the absence of loss or gain. Spectral asymmetry, a difference in propagation constants and Bloch oscillation periods in opposite propagation directions, are established by imposing different vertical spatial index gradients at the substrate/core, and core/cover interfaces in the presence of transverse magnetization. A model system consisting of an array of transversely magnetized asymmetric garnet/silicon-on-insulator waveguides is presented.

The Plant Feature and Performance of DMS (Double MS: Modular Simplified and Medium Small Reactor)

The Japan Atomic Power Company has initiative in developing the DMS concept as a 400MWe-class light water reactor. The main features of the DMS relative to overcoming the scale demerit are the miniaturization and simplification of systems and equipment, integrated modulation of construction, standardization of equipment layouts and effective use of proven technology. The decrease in primary containment vessel (PCV) height is achieved by reducing the active fuel length of the DMS core, which is about two meters compared with 3.7 meters in the conventional BWR. The short active fuel length reduces the drop in core pressure, and overcomes the natural circulation system. And by using the lower steam velocity in the upper plenum in the reactor pressure vessel (RPV), we can adopt a free surface separation (FSS) system. The FSS eliminates the need for a separator and thus helps minimize the RPV and PCV sizes. In order to improve safety efficiency, developing an Emergency Core Cooling System (ECCS) for the DMS was considered. The ECCS configuration in the DMS was examined to achieve core coverage and economic efficiency from the following. 1: Eliminating high-pressure injection systems. 2: Adopting passive safety-related systems. 3: Optimizing distribution for the systems and power source for the ECCS. In this way the configuration of the ECCS for the DMS was established, providing the same level of safety as the ABWR and the passive systems. Based on the results of Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA) analysis, core cover can be achieved by this configuration. Therefore, the plant concept was found to offer both economic efficiency and safety.

Advanced In-Service Inspection Approaches Applied to the Phe´nix Fast Breeder Reactor

The safety upgrading of the Phenix plant undertaken between 1994 and 1997 involved a vast inspection programme of the reactor, the external storage drum and the secondary sodium circuits in order to meet the requirements of the defence-in-depth safety approach. The three lines of defence were analysed for every safety related component: demonstration of the quality of design and construction, appropriate in-service inspection and controlling the consequences of an accident. The in-service reactor block inspection programme consisted in controlling the core support structures and the high-temperature elements. Despite the fact that limited consideration had been given to inspection constraints during the design stage of the reactor in the 1960’s, as compared to more recent reactor projects such as the European Fast Reactor (EFR), all the core support line elements were able to be inspected. The three following main operations are described: Ultrasonic inspection of the upper hangers of the main vessel, using small transducers able to withstand temperatures of 130 °C. Inspection of the conical shell supporting the core diagrid. A specific ultrasonic method and a special implementation technique were used to control the under sodium structure welds, located up to several meters away from the scan surface. Remote inspection of the hot pool structures, particularly the core cover plug after partial sodium drainage of the reactor vessel. Other inspections are also summarized: control of secondary sodium circuit piping, intermediate heat exchangers, primary sodium pumps, steam generator units and external storage drum. The pool type reactor concept, developed in France since the 1960’s, presents several favourable safety and operational features. The feedback from the Phenix plant also shows real potential for in-service inspection. The design of future generation IV sodium fast reactors will benefit from the experience acquired from the Phenix plant.