Produção de biochar com palha de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum sp.)

Na colheita mecanizada de cana-de-açúcar, espessas camadas de palha são depositadas sobre o solo dificultando a rebrota e a emergência de Saccharum sp. Faz-se necessário buscar alternativas para seu excedente, que pode ser destinado à produção de biochar, material rico em carbono e que atua como condicionador de solos e sequestrador de CO2 da atmosfera. O objetivo foi produzir o biochar utilizando resíduos de palha de cana, analisando as melhores condições de produção e de desempenho. Foram realizadas pirólises em forno mufla para os tratamentos: T1: 200 °C, T2: 250 °C, T3: 300 °C e T4: 350 °C com tempo de residência de 2 horas. Realizou-se a análise imediata do biochar, com a determinação do teor de voláteis, o teor de cinzas, o carbono fixo e o rendimento gravimétrico. Por meio da Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) foram identificadas as estruturas morfológicas do material e com a Análise Termogravimétrica determinaram-se os mecanismos de degradação térmica. Os resultados foram 23,51% (T1) e 63,74 % (T4) para o carbono fixo e 85,01% (T1) e 28,11% (T4) para o rendimento gravimétrico do biochar. A partir do MEV observou-se maior presença de poros no biochar T2 e T3. O tratamento T2 apresentou o melhor equilíbrio entre o teor de carbono fixo e o rendimento gravimétrico, enquanto o T3 apresentou maior estabilidade térmica. Conclui-se que a faixa de temperatura que apresenta as melhores condições de produção e desempenho do biochar encontra-se entre 250 °C e 300 °C.

Stimulus to rooting of Saccharum sp. mini-cuttings with talc indole-butyric acid

Sugarcane is a commercially important species for sugar and biofuel production and because of the high demand for plant material in planting, new means of propagation are being developed and require improvements. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of indole-butyric acid (IBA) applied in the form of talc on the initial growth and emergence of sugarcane mini-cuttings used for the system of pre-sprouted plantlets (PSP). Mini-cuttings were treated with concentrations of 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg kg-1 of IBA in the form of talc and evaluated for emergence and initial growth. There was no difference between IBA concentrations for the physiological, biometric and dry mass variables analyzed. The sugarcane plantlets formed had emergence above 89%, functional photosynthetic apparatus, 4.4 leaves on average, stem diameter of 11.90 mm, shoot length of 12.18 cm, leaf area of 108.81 cm² and root area of 142.17 cm². Shoot dry mass and root dry mass were equal to 2.27 and 1.20 grams, respectively. Thus, concentrations of up to 2000 mg kg-1 of IBA applied in the form of talc in sugarcane mini-cuttings had no effect on rooting and initial growth of plantlets.

Identifikasi tumbuhan dalam bahan baku minuman tradisional khas Tuban Jawa Timur

ABSTRAKKearifan lokal menjadi salah satu langkah penting dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alam, salah satunya adalah minuman khas daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis minuman tradisional khas Tuban dan jenis tumbuhan bahan bakunya. Jenis minuman tradisional khas dan bahan penyusunnya diperoleh dari hasil survey terhadap 117 responden dari 17 kecamatan dan 10 orang pembuatnya. Identifikasi bahan baku dilakukan secara langsung dengan lembar observasi kemudian hasilnya dibandingkan dengan referensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 5 jenis minuman tradisional yaitu legen, toak, dawet siwalan, sirup kawis, dan cendol sagu. Bahan penyusunnya terdiri dari 9 jenis tumbuhan yaitu siwalan (Borassus flabellifer L.), kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.), enau (Arenga pinnata Merr.), kawista (Limonia acidissima L.), sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.), tebu (Saccharum sp.), ketela pohon (Manihot esculenta Crantz.), jamblang (Syzygium cumini L.), dan jambu mente (Anacardium occidentale L.). Kata kunci: identifikasi; tumbuhan; minuman tradisional; Tuban ABSTRACTPlant identification of raw materials in traditional drink from Tuban East Java.Local wisdom is one of the steps in managing natural resources, for example traditional drinks. This study aims to determine the types of traditional Tuban drinks and types of plants as raw materials for these drinks. Types of typical traditional drinks and their constituent ingredients were obtained from the results of survey with 117 respondents in 20 districts and 10 producer traditional Tuban drinks. The identification was carried out directly using the observation sheet then compared with references. The results showed that there were 5 types of traditional drinks, namely legen, toak, dawet siwalan, kawis syrup, and cendol sago. The constituent materials drinks consisted of 9 types of plants, namely siwalan (Borassus flabellifer L.), coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), enau (Arenga pinnata Merr.), kawista (Limonia acidissima L.), sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.), sugar cane (Saccharum sp.), cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.), jamblang (Syzygium cumini L.), and cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Keywords: identification, plants, traditional drinks, Tuban

Description of a new species of cecidomyiid (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) predator of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on sugarcane

Diadiplosis saccharum sp. nov. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is described based on male and female prey on nymphs of mealybug Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Saccharum spp. (Poaceae) in São Paulo State, Brazil. Herein, the genus is composed by 33 species. The key of the eight species of the Diadiplosis distributed in Brazil is updated.

Efficacy of Herbicides against Broad-spectrum Weed Floras and Their Effect on Non-target Soil Micro-organisms and Productivity in Sugarcane (Saccharum sp.)

Weeds pose a major challenge at the initial stages of sugarcane and when uncontrolled cause high yield losses. This study was undertaken to define a better and cost-effective weed management strategy. Field experiment was carried out at District Seed Farm (C Unit) of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India (22°97'N latitude and 88°43'E longitude with the 9.75 meters above the mean sea level) under natural weed infestations in sugarcane in 2017–2018 and 2018-19. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides on weed floras, non-target soil organisms and productivity of sugarcane (cv. CoS 98231). The pattern of nutrient uptake by weed species was also itemized. The treatments were comprised of four doses of Atrazine 50% WP (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 kg a.i. ha-1), Trifloxysulfuron-Na (10% OD) 30 g a.i. ha-1 and weedy check within a randomized complete block design, replicated four times. The results revealed that among the tested herbicides, the utmost dose of Atrazine was most efficient against grassy as well as broadleaf weeds. The higher weed control efficiency (> 60%) and cane yield (85.41 t ha-1) were recorded from treatment received Atrazine 4000 g a.i. ha-1 followed by its lower doses. Owing to an efficient controller of diversified weeds same herbicide treated plot removed the least amount essential primary nutrients irrespective of all weed species. Herbicides did not show any phytotoxicity symptoms on sugarcane throughout the observation period. Based on overall performance, the Atrazine 50% WP (4000 g a.i. ha-1) may be considered as the best substitute for others post-emergent herbicide against the complex weed floras in sugarcane.