Consecutive Lossen rearrangement/transamidation reaction of hydroxamic acids under catalyst- and additive-free conditions

A combined Lossen rearrangement/transamidation reaction of hydroxamic acids was discovered in formamide solution, leading efficiently to a variety of N-substituted formamide derivatives under catalyst- and additive-free conditions.

Hydrodynamic thermal confinement: creating thermo-chemical microenvironments on surfaces

We present a new, general concept termed Hydrodynamic Thermal Confinement (HTC), and its implementation for the creation of microscale dynamic thermo-chemical microenvironments on biological surfaces. We demonstrate selective DNA denaturation of single spots on a microarray using a 15% formamide solution at 60 °C.

Electropolymerization of cobalto(5,10,15-tris(4-aminophenyl)-20-phenylporphyrin) for electrochemical detection of antioxidant-antipyrine

Porphyrins are a kind of aromatic molecules possessing unique physic-chemical properties. In this manuscript, it was thus utilized to synthesize 5,10,15-tris(4-aminophenyl)-20-phenylporphyrin and cobalto(5,10,15-tris(4-aminophenyl)-20-phenylporphyrin). In addition, conducting cobalto(5,10,15-tris(4-aminophenyl)-20-phenylporphyrin) polymeric films were successfully prepared by electropolymerization approach on glassy carbon electrode in the presence of dimethyl formamide solution and 0.1 M tetra-n-butyl ammonium perchlorate at 100 mV/s scan rate. The synthesized polymeric films were evaluated as the active electrode materials to detect an antioxidant (Antipyrine) present in pharmaceuticals and the limit of detection is ~ 74 μM.

Acrylate copolymers containing benzimidazolium moieties: synthesis and antimicrobial applications

The allylic monomer N-allyl-N-butylbenzimidazolium bromide (ABBB) was synthesized by reacting allyl bromide with benzimidazole and subsequent quaternization with 1-bromobutane. Copolymers of ABBB with butyl acrylate (BA) were prepared in dimethyl formamide solution at 70°C using a free-radical polymerization technique with different monomer feed ratios. Monomer reactivity ratios for the ABBB-BA pairs were evaluated by the Fineman-Ross (r1=0.40; r2=1.49) and Kelen-Tüdõs (r1=0.36; r2=1.46) linearization methods. Thermal behavior of the copolymers of different compositions was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis. The copolymers were tested for antimicrobial properties against selected strains of bacteria and fungi and were found to be active against the strains. The growth-inhibitory effect of the copolymers varied according to the composition of the polymer: the effect increased with increasing content of the substituted benzimidazolium group in the polymer chain.

Synthesis and Characterization of GdO+ Nanosheets Doped with Tm

Tm doped GdOBr compounds were successfully synthesized through solid-state method. Then bromide ion in the as-synthesized compounds Gd0.97Tm0.03OBr was exchanged by P-toluene sulfonate ion in P-toluene sulfonate sodium solution. A sol-solution was obtained after the ultrasound treatment of intercalating sample in formamide solution. In addition, many rare-earth metal elements can launch visible light when excited. The emissions of Tm3+ at 478nm originated from the transition of Tm3+(1G4→3H6) was observed.

The Synthesis of Comb-Like Polymeric Prodrugs of 5-Fluorouracil Derivatives

Two comb-like polymeric prodrugs of 5-fluorouracil derivatives (p(MAA-PEG400-5Fu), p(MAA-PEG2000-5Fu)) were synthesized from monomers, methacryloyl (polyethylene glycol 5-fluorouracil acetyl) (MAA-PEG-5Fu) through radical polymerization using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator in N,N-dimethyl formamide solution, which structures were confirmed by means of IR, 1HNMR, UV-Vis, MS and GPC spectroscopy. The drug loading rates of the two prodrugs (p(MAA-PEG400-5Fu), p(MAA-PEG2000-5Fu)) were 25.51%, 10%, respectively.