A stop-band filter based on metal-medium-metal structure with molecular J-aggregates

A stop-band filter is discussed based on the strong coupling-like phenomenon in metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structures involving molecular J-aggregates. The structure is composed of a [Formula: see text]-shaped resonator, an input waveguide and an output waveguide. The finite element method (FEM) method is employed in simulation. The results show that the strong coupling phenomenon appears with the Molecular J-aggregates. The small variations in size of the whole structure have little effect on stop bandwidth of the transmission spectrum and the stop bandwidth of the transmission spectrum in the designed structures is mainly determined by the oscillation strength of molecular J-aggregates. The larger the oscillation length of molecular J-aggregates part is, the wider the stop-band is.

The leaching characteristics of common toxic elements in phosphogypsum

Phosphogypsum (PG) is an acid by-product from the production phosphate fertilizers that is produced in large amounts all over the world. However, it is challenging to reuse this waste due to the quantities of various impurities in PG and technical restrictions, resulting in PG accumulation, which threatens adjacent environments. To reduce PG storage and safely utilize PG, the aim of our study was to define the leaching characteristics of the impurities present in PG under different conditions. We found that (1) different leaching experiments showed different leachate profiles (including pH and electrical conductivity values of leachate), which indicated that the liquid/solid (L/S) ratio, temperature, oscillation strength, particle size, and pH have remarkable effects on the concentration of leached impurities; (2) all leachate (i.e. soluble P, fluoride, Zn, Pb, As, and Hg) extraction concentrations were significantly more sensitive to the effect of the L/S ratio and pH than the effect of the other conditions; and (3) the leaching concentration was strongly influenced by pH, and a strong correlation among soluble P, F, As, and Hg concentrations in the leachate was demonstrated by a correlation analysis. In the present study, we revealed a systematic leaching mechanism of potential toxic elements in PG and have provided guidance and a reference for PG resource comprehensive utilization and surrounding environment treatment.Supplementary material: Chemical compositions of the phosphogypsum and pairwise Wilcoxon test results are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5088187

Spontaneous variability in gamma dynamics described by a linear harmonic oscillator driven by noise

SUMMARYCircuits of excitatory and inhibitory neurons can generate rhythmic activity in the gamma frequency-range (30-80Hz). Individual gamma-cycles show spontaneous variability in amplitude and duration. The mechanisms underlying this variability are not fully understood. We recorded local-field-potentials (LFPs) and spikes from awake macaque V1, and developed a noise-robust method to detect gamma-cycle amplitudes and durations. Amplitudes and durations showed a weak but positive correlation. This correlation, and the joint amplitude-duration distribution, is well reproduced by a dampened harmonic oscillator driven by stochastic noise. We show that this model accurately fits LFP power spectra and is equivalent to a linear PING (Pyramidal Interneuron Network Gamma) circuit. The model recapitulates two additional features of V1 gamma: (1) Amplitude-duration correlations decrease with oscillation strength; (2) Amplitudes and durations exhibit strong and weak autocorrelations, respectively, depending on oscillation strength. Finally, longer gamma-cycles are associated with stronger spike-synchrony, but lower spike-rates in both (putative) excitatory and inhibitory neurons. In sum, V1 gamma-dynamics are well described by the simplest possible model of gamma: A linear harmonic oscillator driven by noise.

Theoretical and experimental analysis of dynamic parameters of the leveling and centering device

The article analyzes vibrational oscillation’s strength dissemination and the parameters in the centering and leveling table using the covariance function theory. The implementation of measurement techniques requires to use most advanced ideas, and to seek and develop new tools, based on which the direction of angle calibration system’s development could be substantiated and calibration methodologies could be enabled. Vibrational oscillation strength measurements across fixed five ring points’ observations were recorded on a time scale in five vectors arrays (matrices). The covariance functions have enabled the evaluation of the influence of the vibrations of the corresponding rings on the accuracy of the measurement results. Expressions of auto-covariance and cross-covariance functions show the changes in the time scale of the interdependence between the parameters of the corresponding vibrations of the rings on the smoothing device. These changes significantly affect the measurement data errors. The digital vibrational strength measurement arrays’ reciprocal covariance functions were calculated, and estimates of individual arrays’ auto-covariance functions, by changing the quantization interval on the time scale. The covariance model proposed by the authors for the analysis of the dynamical parameters of the centering–leveling devices can be used to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the angular comparators containing the said devices and at the same time to determine the ways of improving the precision of these angular comparators. The calculations were carried out using the special computer program developed by the authors of the Matlab7 Operator Package (The MathWorks, Inc. R2012a 7.14.0.739 License Number 699298).

Study the Effect of Magnetized Water on Some of the Chemical Parameters for EBT Complexes with Some of M2+ Ions

In this paper, the effect of magnetized water on the stability constant Kst, oscillation strength f, molar extinction coefficient εmax and Gibbs free energy ΔG for complexes was investigated. Complexes of Eriochrome black T (EBT) as a ligand with Ca2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ ions were prepared for this purpos. The stability constant values of the complexes found to be decreased by using magnetic water in their preparation except for EBT-Ca complex. Both Ca2+ and Mn2+ ions showed deviation from Irving-Williams order. The oscillation strength shows the type of spectrum is absorption spectrum for all complexes and in both in magnetized and non-magnetized water. εmax found to be increased by using magnetized water over than non-magnetized water. The stability constants for the complexes calculate analytically by applying jobs method and Yoe and Jones method.

The Oscillation Score: An Efficient Method for Estimating Oscillation Strength in Neuronal Activity

We present a method that estimates the strength of neuronal oscillations at the cellular level, relying on autocorrelation histograms computed on spike trains. The method delivers a number, termed oscillation score, that estimates the degree to which a neuron is oscillating in a given frequency band. Moreover, it can also reliably identify the oscillation frequency and strength in the given band, independently of the oscillation in other frequency bands, and thus it can handle superimposed oscillations on multiple scales ( theta, alpha, beta, gamma, etc.). The method is relatively simple and fast. It can cope with a low number of spikes, converging exponentially fast with the number of spikes, to a stable estimation of the oscillation strength. It thus lends itself to the analysis of spike-sorted single-unit activity from electrophysiological recordings. We show that the method performs well on experimental data recorded from cat visual cortex and also compares favorably to other methods. In addition, we provide a measure, termed confidence score, that determines the stability of the oscillation score estimate over trials.