Phenology of climbing large-flowered roses in the Stavropol Botanical Garden

The article summarizes the results of studying of the biology of flowering varieties of climbing large-flowered roses (Large-Flowered Climber). The varietal composition of climbing large-flowered roses used for landscaping has not been sufficiently studied in terms of the biology of varieties and their ornamental qualities in the conditions of the Stavropol Upland. In this regard the research conducted by us in 2016-2019 are very actual. Studies are relevant, given the increased demand for roses with climbing type shoots for vertical gardening among landscape industry experts and amateur gardeners. In the collection of the Stavropol Botanical Garden, there are 21 varieties of climbing large-flowered roses from leading breeders of Germany, the USA, France, England, and Holland. Representatives of this garden group are varieties with a single flowering in the first half of summer, in which flowers are formed on biennial and older lateral shoots. It also includes varieties with repeated flowering, whose flowers are formed on shoots of different orders and ages, including the current year. The beginning of flowering of large large-flowered roses falls in the first half of June, the flowering period is June – July, August – September, October. The order of flowering of climbing large-flowered roses over the years is preserved. The varieties Krasnyy Mayak, Glenn Dale, Copper Glow are the first to bloom and bloom profusely, on average 20-25 days. Regular flowering was observed in the varieties: Handel, Ramira, Blossontime, Swan Lace, Sympathia, Santana, The Generous Gardener, New Dawn, Casino, Polca, Elfe, Rosarium Uetersen, Michka, Benvenuto, Heidelberg, Golden Climber, Golden Showers, Paul’s Scarlet Climber. The duration of flowering of climbing roses prone to permanent flowering capacity is more than 130 days. Roses of the Climber group have the ability to self-pollination, 14 varieties have abundant fruit formation, 7 varieties have a single one. The ability of varieties to tie fruits from free pollination makes it possible to use them as mother plants in rose breeding. Due to the diversity of flower colors, aroma, abundant continuous flowering, this garden group of roses has become one of the most promising for vertical gardening.

Architectural Components of Compact Growth Habits in Diploid Roses

Criteria to determine the horticultural quality of ornamental plants include plant architecture, flower characteristics, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The architecture of a rose (Rosa sp.) bush is linked to flower yield and ornamental value. The Texas A&M University (TAMU) Rose Breeding and Genetics program has the objective of developing garden rose cultivars that flower heavily and exhibit a compact full shape. To determine which architectural traits are key for the development of this desired shape, five rose seedlings with a desirable compact growth habit and five with an undesirable growth habit were selected from TAMU diploid rose breeding germplasm. This comparison indicated that the key traits for the selection of compact growth habit are the number of primary shoots followed by the number of secondary and tertiary shoots produced.

Wybrane problemy i kierunki współczesnej hodowli róż

Wybrane problemy i kierunki współczesnej hodowli róż Róża, to jeden z najważniejszych rodzajów roślin ozdobnych, istotny użytkowo, kulturowo i gospodarczo. Uprawiany od tysiącleci, podlega zmianom wskutek stosowania coraz nowszych narzędzi hodowli, umożliwiających sprostanie wymagającym oczekiwaniom odbiorców nowych odmian. Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie podstawowych problemów i zagadnień hodowli róż w kontekście dotychczasowych osiągnięć i wiedzy, oraz perspektyw na przyszłość. Systematyka i taksonomia róż jest skomplikowana, a ich klasyfikacja ogrodnicza często odbiega od filogenetycznych powiązań. Hodowla róż wiąże się z wieloma problemami natury biologicznej. Implementacja nowoczesnych technik molekularnych, w tym genetycznych i genomicznych, ułatwiłaby stworzenie bazy i perspektyw dla programów hodowlanych, pomimo iż, komercyjni hodowcy przeważnie biorą pod uwagę jedynie cechy morfologiczne. W hodowli róż jednym z pierwszych przełomów było pojawienie się w Europie w XVIII i XIX w. gatunków azjatyckich i włączenie ich do hodowli, a jednym z ostatnich – uzyskanie pierwszych transgenicznych niebieskich kwiatów róż kumulujących delfinidynę w wakuolach komórek płatków. Obecnie w hodowli róż dominuje kontynuacja wyznaczonych wcześniej kierunków, m.in. uzyskanie odmian odpornych na choroby, warunki klimatyczne, z możliwością obniżenia kosztów pielęgnacji oraz zastosowania proekologicznych metod uprawy, żywotnych i intensywnie rosnących, powtarzających kwitnienie, o kwiatach pachnących, w klasycznych formach i barwach, lub przeciwnie – w zaskakujących kolorach i kształtach. Selected problems and directions of modern rose breeding Rose is the most important genus of ornamental plants, significant for use, culture and economy. It has been cultivated for millennia and is changing as a result of the new breeding tools, which are able to meet the most demanding needs of the recipients of new cultivars. The aim of this paper was to present the basic problems and issues of rose breeding in the context of up-to-date achievements and knowledge as well as prospects for the future. The systematics and taxonomy of roses is complex and their gardening classification often differs from the genetic connections. Rose cultivation is associated with many biological problems. The advancement in genetic and genomic research would facilitate the creation of a ground for breeding programs, although breeders usually take into account their morphological features only. One of the earliest breakthroughs in the breeding of roses was the emergence of Asian species in Europe in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and their incorporation into breeding, and one of the last ones – obtaining the first transgenic blue roses accumulating delphinidin in petals. At present, continuation of previously defined directions dominates, i.e., achieving varieties resistant to diseases, climatic conditions, with possibilities of reducing the cost of care and use of pro-ecological cultivation methods, vigorous and intensely growing, repeatedly blooming, with fragrant flowers, in classic forms and colors, or the contrary – in surprising colors and shapes.