Identifikasi Molekular Bakteri Glukanolitik Indigenous KE-B6 dari Saluran Pencernaan Bekicot (Achatina fulica)

Glucanolitic bacteria are bacteria that have the ability to break down glucan into glucose monomer units. The ability of the bacteria is caused by the presence of glucanase enzymes. The choice of glucanase derived from bacteria is based on the ability and speed of bacterial growth in terms of producing glucanase enzymes. The presence of bacteria and protozoa in the digestive tract symbiotic with each other to digest cellulose or concomitant materials . Based on the ability of the way of life to digest forage and leaf litter, it is suspected that snails (Achatina fulica) have the ability to produce glucanase biocatalysts, especially in the digestive tract. To find out the characteristics and characteristics of indigenous bacteria snail canals, identification of KE-B6 bacteria is carried out molecularly so that accurate and accurate results are obtained. The Basic Alignment Search Tools BLAST results of KE-B6 bacterial isolates based on 16S rDNA sequence data with 27F (Forward) and 1492R (Reverse) primers showed that these bacterial isolates had homology of 99.64% to Serratia marcescens. Key words: bacteria, glucanolitic, A. fulica, Serratia marcescens.

Isolasi Dan Uji Aktivitas Bakteri Penghasil Selulase Asal Tanah Kandang Sapi

Plant biomass from waste agricultural can be transformed to useful like bioethanol and organic fertilizer in industry and agriculture using bacterial cellulase is one alternative to convert cellulose become organic fertilizer. This research had an objective to obtain potential bacterial cellulase isolated from the soil around of cowshed in Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bacteria were isolated from soil had used serial dilution that spread in 1% Carboxy Methyl Cellulose Medium (CMC 1%) and it's incubated at 37oC for 48 hours. Qualitative test for bacteria producing cellulose was carried out by picking the selected colony in the centered of CMC medium with adding congo red 1%. Based on the results were obtained three potential isolates could produce cellulose that were KS 0.1, KS 0.7 and KS 9.1. The highest cellulolytic index is 1.33 that produced by KS 0.1. The test quantitative activity of KS 0.1 using spectrophotometry method showed that the highest of enzyme activity at the first day and lowest eighth day during incubation period. Key Words: bacteria, cellulose, soil around of cowshed

Bacteria Associated with the Tannery Effluent and their Alkaline Protease Activities

Samples collected from different stages of the tannery processing were found to be alkaline. A good number of bacteria were found to be associated with the different stages of leather processing. The aerobic heterotrophic bacterial count ranged in between 11.9 × 106 and 46.7 × 106. The highest count was observed in the soaking stage and the minimum was found with the bating stage. Among 40 isolates, 31 showed positive proteolytic activities on different protein based media. Identified organisms were Bacillus subtilis (9), B. licheniformis (6), B. alcalophilus (2), B. badius (2), B. cereus (2), B. circulans (2), B. pumilus (2), B. alvei (1), B. brevis (1), B. coagulans (1), B. megaterium (1), B. polymyxa (1) and Micrococcus varians (1). Proteolytic activity was measured as zone ratio on skim milk agar which was found to be in between 1.5 and 5.8. Higher zone ratio was observed in B. subtilis (TS/1/E), B. pumilus (TS/1/S1/A3 and TD/S2/C3), B. licheniformis (TS/1/Q) and B. badius (TD/21-D). The alkaline protease production by the nine selected isolates ranged in between 7.1 and 119.3 U/ml. Two isolates of B. pumilus (TS/1/S1/A3 and TD/S2/C3) were found to be good alkaline protease producers (119.3 and 94.8 U/ml) among the tested organisms. Biotechnologically these two isolates or their enzymes could be utilized in the tannery industry. Key words: Bacteria, tannery, effluent, alkaline protease D. O. I. 10.3329/ptcb.v21i1.9563 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 21(1): 53-61, 2011 (June)

A Perspective Study on the Etiology of Diarrhea in Children Less than 12 Years of age attending Kanti Children’s Hospital

Introduction: Diarrhea is the most common illness among children causing highest number of mortality and morbidity in the developing countries. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the etiological agents of diarrhea in children less than 12 years of age. Methods: The study was carried out in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Health Research Laboratory and stool specimen were collected from Kanti Children's Hospital between February 2007 and August 2007. The specimens were processed by standard microbiological methods, serological diagnosis for the complete identification of bacterial isolate and use of Rotaclone for diagnosis for Rotavirus. Results: A total 500 specimen were processed and 312 (62.4%) cases were identified with enteropathogens. Out of 500, 165 (33%) showed significant bacterial growth, 110 (22%) single or multiple parasitic infestation, and 167 (21.4%) Rotavirus. Among the bacterial isolate, Escherichia. coli (20.2%) were highest in number, Entamoeba. histolytica (10%), among the protozoa and Ascaris lumbricoide (1.4%) among the helminth. Age group 0-2 years showed most number of cases. The prevalence of Rotavirus infection was more in Inpatient (65.4%) than Outpatient (34.6%) (P>0.05). Ethnicgroup wise distribution showed that Gurung/Magar/ Rai/Tamang were highly infected (34.6%) (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that bacteria were the major etiological agents of diarrhea in children than parasites and Rotavirus. E. coli among the bacteria, E. histolytica among the parasite and Rotavirus constituted the major causative agents identified. The age group 0-2years was the most vulnerable group where most of the enteropathogens were detected. Key words: Bacteria, Children Diarrhea, Parasites, Rotavirus doi:10.3126/jnps.v29i1.1594 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.29(1) p.10-16

Demonstration of Decolorization of Various Dyes by Some Bacterial Isolates Recovered from Textile Effluents

In the present study some predominant bacteria from textile effluent were isolated and their decolorizing activity was evaluated. Heavy load of bacteria (1.3 × 103 to 3.07 × 107 cfu/ml) were found in eight effluent samples collected from two textile industries. Six dye decolorizing bacteria were isolated and identified as Bacillus fastidiosus, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus. The isolates were tested for their ability to decolorize different concentrations (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1%) of six different textile dyes. Among the dyes Terasil red W-FS and Terasil black W-NS were found to be completely decolorized by the all isolates at different concentrations. Cibacron yellow F-4G was decolorized very easily by B. fastidiosus while the other dyes were only partially decolorized by the test organisms. Cibacron blue FN-R, Cibacron navy FN-B and Cibacron orange FN-R were only weakly decolorized by the most of the isolates. The results of the present study show that B. fastidiosus, B. polymyxa, M. luteus and S. aureus were the potential isolates in the treatment of dyeing industry effluents and their potentiality can be exploited to clean up the environment. Key words: Bacteria; Effluent; Dye; Decolonization. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i3.9037 BJSIR 2011; 46(3): 323-328

Bacterial flora associated with repeat breeding and uterine infections in dairy cows

The study was conducted on 51 uterine biopsy samples collected from 14 normal fertile and 37 repeat breeding cows for bacteriological examinations to find out the prevalence of bacterial flora and their role in repeat breeding syndrome. Presence of bacteria was detected in 23 samples (62.2%) repeat breeding cases in contrast to only 4 (28.6%) bacterial infections from normal fertile cows. About 60% of the microbial isolates were commonly recovered from repeat breeders as well as from normal fertile cows in varying proportions. Of the 37 suffered from repeat breeders, 23 samples (62.2%) yielded 54 bacterial isolates; where Staphylococcus was predominant 14 (37.8%), followed by Bacillus 13 (35.1%), E. coli 11 (29.7%), Pseudomonas 7 (18.9%) while Gram negative minute rod shaped bacteria was 9 (24.3%). The isolates of Pseudomonas and Gram negative minute rod shaped bacteria were obtained only from repeat breeder cows with mucopurulent uterine discharges. There was a positive correlation (r=0.94) between repeat breeders and bacterial infection of uterus. Antibiotic sensitivity in the present study showed that almost all types of bacterial isolates were found moderately and highly sensitive to amoxicillin, oxytetracycline and ciprofloxacin. Key words: Bacteria, repeat breeding, uterine biopsy, histopathology and antibiotic sensitivity DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v6i1.1342 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (1): 79-86