Trap Height Affects Catches of Bark and Woodboring Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Cerambycidae) in Baited Multiple-Funnel Traps in Southeastern United States

In north-central Georgia, trap height affected catches of some species of bark and woodboring beetles (Coleoptera) in traps baited with lures used in surveillance programs to detect non-native forest insects. Traps were placed within the canopy and understory of mature oak trees (Quercus spp.) with collection cups placed 18–23 m above ground level (AGL), and 0.3–0.5 m AGL, respectively. Traps were baited with ethanol to target ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in one experiment, ethanol + syn-2,3-hexanediol + racemic 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one + racemic 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one to target hardwood woodborers (Cerambycidae) in a second experiment, and α-pinene + racemic ipsenol + racemic ipsdienol to target pine bark beetles (Curculionidae) and woodborers (Cerambycidae) in a third experiment. Canopy traps were more effective than understory traps for detecting Cnestus mutilatus (Blandford) (Curculionidae), Neoclytus scutellaris (Olivier), and Monochamus titillator (F.) (Cerambycidae). The reverse was true for Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky), Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier) (Curculionidae), and Neoclytus acuminatus (F.) (Cerambycidae). Catches of a third group which included Hylobius pales (Herbst), Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff) (Curculionidae), Neoclytus mucronatus (F.), and Anelaphus pumilus (Newman) (Cerambycidae) were largely unaffected by trap height. Similar patterns were noted for species of Cleridae, Scarabaeidae, Trogossitidae, and Zopheridae but not Histeridae or Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera). Catches of the bee assassin Apiomerus crassipes (F.) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in traps baited with the hardwood borer blend were greater in canopy traps than in understory traps.

A Review of the Ecology and Management of Black Turpentine Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

The black turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus terebrans Olivier is the largest pine-infesting bark beetle native to the southern and eastern United States. It generally reproduces in fresh stumps and bases of trees weakened or killed by other biotic or abiotic agents, although it can also infest and sometimes kills apparently healthy trees. Its numbers can build when large amounts of host material become available (typically through a disturbance), and black turpentine beetle-caused mortality at a local scale can become considerable. Here, we provide a complete review of the literature on this species, including its taxonomy, host, life history, chemical ecology, arthropod and microbial associates, and management options. We also provide original data on numbers of instars, acoustic signals, and pheromone chirality in this species. Our survey of the existing literature revealed that key biological characteristics of black turpentine beetles are known, but interactions with closely associated organisms, economic and ecological impacts, and improvements to monitoring and management practices have been only partially investigated.

Black Turpentine Beetle, Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

The black turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier), or BTB, is one of five common species of pine bark beetles in the southeastern United States. Black turpentine beetles bore into the inner bark of stressed or injured pines (Pinus spp.), where they breed and feed on phloem tissue. Adults are strongly attracted to volatile pine odors and readily breed in fresh stumps. Attacks on standing trees usually occur on the lower 1 to 2 m of the trunk or on large roots. Light attacks may kill only localized sections of phloem tissue, but numerous attacks per stem result in tree mortality. Infestations commonly occur in pine stands affected by recent logging activity (e.g., thinning), fire, mechanical injury, storm damage, climatic stress, or competition (USDA Forest Service 1985, Dixon 1986). This document is EENY-356, one of a series of the Department of Entomology and Nematology, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date September 2005. EENY356/IN636: Black Turpentine Beetle, Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) (ufl.edu)

TRANS-VERBENOL, TURPENTINE, AND ETHANOL AS TRAP BAITS FOR THE BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS TEREBRANS,1 AND OTHER FOREST COLEOPTERA IN NORTH FLORIDA2

Trans-verbenol, ethanol, and gum turpentine were evaluated alone and in combinations as trap baits for the black turpentine beetle (BTB), Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier). Traps without turpentine generally caught fewer BTB, pales weevils, Hylobius pales (Herbst), pitch-eating weevils, Pachylobius picivorus (Germar); southern pine sawyers, Monochamus titillator (F.), and Carolina pine sawyers, M. carolinensis (Olivier). Trans-verbenol alone was ineffective as a trap bait, but sometimes increased catches of BTB 1.2 to 1.5 times when used in combination with turpentine or a mixture of turpentine and ethanol. The addition of ethanol to the turpentine bait sometimes doubled catches of BTB and increased captures of pales weevils 3.7 to 5.1 times. The overall effect of mixing ethanol with turpentine bait while releasing trans-verbenol from the same trap versus the use of turpentine alone was a 2.4-fold increase in the response of female BTB. Traps captured about equal numbers of male and female BTB, pales weevils, pitch-eating weevils, and southern pine sawyers, but captured 2.8 times more female than male Carolina pine sawyers.