Hormonal Physiological Changes of Testis Resulting From Exposure to Vinyl Cyanide and the Possible Protective Role of β-cryptoxanthin in Male Rat

Vinyl cyanide (VCN) is an aliphatic nitrile product which is extensively used in various synthetic chemical industries. VCN is known to exert toxic actions to human beings as well as experimental animals. The present study was designed to examine the ability of β-cryptoxanthin, a naturally occurring antioxidant, to attenuate VCN-induced testicular toxicity in adult albino rats. Daily oral administration of VCN at a dose level of 30 mg/kg b.w. (7.2mg/ animal) to male rats for a period of 5 days significantly reduced the levels of serum testosterone (T), androsterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) which indicates injury to the testis function. Compared to VCN-treated animals, pretreatment with β-cryptoxanthin and its co-administration with VCN once daily at a dose of 40 mg/kg b.w. (9.6mg/ animal) for 30 days induced a remarkable degree of improvement in the levels of endocrine parameters including T, androsterone, FSH and LH. In conclusion, the present results clearly demonstrate the protective role of β-cryptoxanthin against VCN-induced physiological changes in the testis of rats.

A simple removable aliphatic nitrile template 2-cyano-2,2-di-isobutyl acetic acid for remote meta-selective C–H functionalization

The remote meta-selective C–H functionalization of arenes using first aliphatic nitrile template 2-cyano-2,2-di-isobutyl acetic acid under mild conditions is presented.

Photoinduced 1,2-Hydro(cyanomethylation) of Alkenes with a Cyanomethylphosphonium Ylide

An efficient method has been developed for the 1,2-hydro(cyanomethylation) of alkenes, in which a cyanomethyl radical species is generated from a cyanomethylphosphonium ylide by irradiation with visible light in the presence of an iridium complex, a thiol, and ascorbic acid. The cyanomethyl radical species then adds across the C=C double bond of an alkene to form an elongated alkyl radical species that accepts a hydrogen atom from the thiol to produce an elongated aliphatic nitrile. The ascorbic acid acts as the reductant to complete the catalytic cycle.

KEMAMPUAN Flavobacterium sp NUB1 DALAM MENGGUNAKAN ALIFATIK NITRIL UNTUK PERTUMBUHANNYA

A bacteria isolate capable utilizing 1% (v/v) acetonitrile and butironitrile as thesolesource of carbon and nitrogen was isolated from industrial effluents ofPTPetrokimia-Gresik and identified as Flavobacterium sp NUB1. The bacteriaisolatewas able to grow in both acetonitrile and butironitrile at concentrationofup to 4% (v/v). The highest growth was reached at 1% concentration ofacetonitrileand butironitrile, but the bacteria isolate was not able to grow onacrilonitrile.The specific growth rate (μ) of the isolate was 0,029 h-1. Themajorobjective of this study was to explore the abilities of the isolate to utilizesomealiphatic nitriles and then further evaluate the metabolite product of thenitriledegradation.Key words: aliphatic nitrile, biodegradation, Flavobacterium sp. NUB1