EFECTIVIDAD DE LA ESTRATEGIA DE PREVENCIÓN DE CONSUMO DE SUSTANCIAS PSICOACTIVAS EN ADOLESCENTES Y JÓVENES DE LA REGIÓN DE HUANCAVELICA

jetivo: La investigación se realizó para determinar la efectividad de la estrategia de prevención en el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes y jóvenes en centros pilotos de Huancavelica, Lircay y Huaytará de la región de Huancavelica. Métodos: El estudio es de tipo aplicado, descriptivo explicativo, arribando al nivel explicativo; cuyo diseño fue el cuasi- experimental; diseño de dos grupos no equivalentes o con grupo control no equivalente. La muestra fue de adolescentes (n1 = 406 y n2 = 409) y jóvenes (n1 = 391 y n2 = 372), en los que se aplicó el test de CAGE, Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test- Versión Abreviada IAFA (Masta) y Test de dependencia a la nicotina de Fagerstrom; tanto en el grupo experimental y control, para identificar el nivel de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas lícitas en adolescentes y jóvenes. Para el análisis estadístico inferencial se utilizó la prueba paramétrica de t de Student, a 95% de confianza estadística. Resultados: En el pretest; 52,5% y 50,6% de adolescentes; y, 75,4% y 76,3% de jóvenes, tanto del grupo experimental y control, respectivamente; consumen sustancias psicoactivas legales. En el post test, una vez implementado la estrategia de prevención del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas;68,5% de adolescentes y 67,5% de jóvenes del grupo experimental refieren no consumir o no exponerse a sustancias psicoactivas legales o lícitas, en comparación, al 52,1% de adolescentes y, 70,7% de jóvenes del grupo control, al no recibir la estrategia de prevención, continua consumiendo o exponiéndose a sustancias psicoactivas lícitas. Con estos resultados se concluye que existe suficiente evidencia estadística para decir que la puntuación alcanzada por el grupo experimental se diferencia de la puntuación alcanzada en el post-test. También existe suficiente evidencia estadística para decir que la puntuación alcanzada por el grupo experimental se diferencia de la puntuación del grupo de control entre los que tienen significación estadística (sig = pvalue<0,05). Conclusión: La estrategia de prevención de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas ha sido significativa en la no exposición al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas; mientras que en el grupo control no se da cambios sustanciales o significativos.

Drug use, smoking, alcohol abuse and assertiveness of medical students from Poland and Belarus

Introduction: Human health is largely determined by factors such as human behavior and style of life. Purpose: To evaluate selected patterns of behavior of medical students, such as smoking, alcohol abuse, drug use, and their assertiveness. Materials and methods: The study included 338 students from Bialystok, Poland, and 339 from Grodno, Belarus. The original questionnaire, Fasterström's Nicotine Addiction Test, Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, Drug Use Problem Test, and Assertiveness Test according to Grębski were all used. Results: In both groups, the level of cigarette dependence was low, with 10% of the students from Poland and 15% from Belarus being habitual cigarette smokers. No significant differences were found in the frequency of alcohol consumption between Polish (57%) and Belarusian (52%) students. Of the respondents, 3.3% from Poland and 1.5% from Belarus met the criteria of alcohol dependence according to the MAST test. There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of drug use between the Polish (1.5%) and Belarusian (1.8%) students. The average level of assertiveness was 16.2 for Polish students and 15.4 for Belarusian students, which was a significant difference. Conclusions: These results indicate similar percentages of Polish and Belarusian students smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, and use drugs. In addition, Polish students were more assertive than Belarusian students.

HÁBITOS DE VIDA ASSOCIADOS AO PERFIL FUNCIONAL RESPIRATÓRIO DE IDOSOS INSTITUCIONALIZADOS

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os hábitos de vida associados ao perfil funcional respiratório de idosos institucionalizados. Estudo observacional e transversal realizado com 12 idosos pertencentes a uma instituição de longa permanência para idosos do município de Uberaba/MG. Foram utilizados parte do questionário sociodemográfico e econômico do Questionário Brasileiro de Avaliação Funcional e Multidimensional (BONFAQ), Teste de Dependência Nicotínica de Fagerström (FTND), Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test – Geriatric Version – (MAST-G), Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ), Escala de dispneia MRC Modificado, e teste de manuvacuometria para avaliação da força dos músculos respiratórios. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk, t Student independente e a ANOVA One Way. O nível de significância considerado foi de 5% (p<0,05). Observou-se que os idosos não fumantes (45,7±15,9) obtiveram valores de PImáx melhores do que aqueles que são ex-fumantes (31,6±10,4) e que consomem tabaco atualmente (25,0±0,0). Porém, não houve significância estatística (p=0,162). Em relação aos fatores alcoolismo (p=0,007) e atividade física (p=0,816) os idosos que não faziam uso de bebida alcoólica e são ativos apresentaram menor comprometimento da PImáx quando comparados aos seus pares. No entanto, ressalta-se que apenas o grupo do alcoolismo e PImáx houve significância estatística. Conclui-se que pode haver relação direta entre o consumo de bebida alcoólica e a diminuição da PImáx. Apesar de não apresentar correlação significativa, as reduções de PFE, PImáx e PEmáxsugerem que o consumo de tabaco, álcool e o sedentarismo são fatores de alerta para o comprometimento da função pulmonar.

Uživanje alkohola med starostniki v domačem okolju: rezultati presejalnega testa SMAST-G

Uvod: Dosedanje raziskave kažejo, da je tvegano ali škodljivo uživanje alkohola med starostniki prisotno v obsegu med 5 % in 23 % te populacije. Z raziskavo smo želeli preučiti pojavnost uživanja alkohola v starosti v povezavi z demografskimi dejavniki, socialno vključenostjo in samooceno zdravja. Metode: Uporabljen je bil standardizirani vprašalnik Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test – Geriatric version (SMAST-G). Nenaključno so bili vključeni starostniki nad 65 let, živeči v domačem okolju, ki so razumeli besedilo. Podatke smo obdelali z opisno statistiko in testom hi-kvadrat. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da je med starostniki 30,0 % takšnih, ki imajo možne težave z alkoholom. Statistična značilnost večjega uživanja alkohola se je pokazala pri nižji izobrazbi (x2 = 12,255, p = 0,007) ter pri moškem spolu (x2 = 14,641, p < 0,001). Ugotovili smo statistično povezanost uživanja alkohola s samooceno zdravja (x2 = 12,085, p = 0,017) ter s posameznimi spremenljivkami socialne vključenosti, in sicer z oceno socialnih odnosov (x2 = 14,124, p< 0,001) in z (ne)obstojem osebnih ciljev za prihodnost (x2 = 12,156, p = 0,016). Diskusija in zaključek: Uživanje alkohola se pri starostnikih povezuje s slabšo kakovostjo socialnih odnosov in nižjo samooceno zdravja. Raziskava kaže na potrebo po zvišanju znanja starostnikov o vplivih uživanja alkohola na zdravje, na potrebo po njihovi integraciji v socialno okolje ter po nadaljnjem raziskovanju problema uživanja alkohola v starosti.

Abusive Consumption Of Alcohol By Elderly

Objectives: To investigate the abusive consumption of alcohol in the elderly in the municipality of Santa Cruz - PB. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study, with quantitative approach with a sample of 170 elderly. To perform the study, three instruments were used: the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test - Geriatric Version (MAST-G). The data were analyzed in the program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS - version 21). Results: 14.7% of the elderly were classified by the MAST-G score as elderly individuals presenting problems related to alcohol abuse, the majority of whom were male, single, with education above 05 years, who reside alone, and present some pathology and make use of medications. Conclusion: the research points out the need for multiprofessional work in health in Primary Care, in order to develop health actions that include the prevention of alcohol consumption and minimize the deleterious effects of consumption, in order to reduce the number of undesirable events arising from the use of that substance. Keywords: Primary health care; Alcohol; Old man.

Use of alcohol in the elderly: transcultural validation of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test – Geriatric Version (MAST-G)

Objective: To evaluate the internal consistency of the version of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test – Geriatric Version (MAST-G) instrument, translated and adapted for Brazil. Method: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire, the ICD-10 and the MAST-G, following the steps of translation and cultural adaptation. One hundred eleven elderly in the city of São Carlos, SP, Brazil were interviewed. Results: The mean age of those interviewed was 70 years, with 45% men and 55% women, with the mean education of three years; 92% resided with family; 48% of the subjects consumed alcoholic beverages. The MAST-G presented a good level of reliability, with Cronbach’s α = 0.7873, and good levels of sensitivity and specificity with a cutoff score of five positive responses. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the MAST-G presented internal consistency values similar to the original English version,showing it to be adequate for use in the national context.