Implementation of Klassen Typology in Mapping of Superior Commodities of Food Crops in The Malolo Agropolitan Area

The Malolo agropolitan area is a strategic food crop production center in Takalar. The implementation of klassen tipology is used to identify superior commodities with export value from food plants cultivated by farmers in the area. This study aims to determine the superior commodities of food crops using klassen typology and to map these superior commodities in the Malolo Agropolitan Area. The analytical methods used were klassen typology and Ar-GIS mapping. The results showed that the implementation of klassen typology on food commodities in the Agropolitan Malolo area resulted in maize as the only superior commodity out of 4 other food commodities. Maize is a leading commodity in 4 areas, that is Massamaturu, Timbuseng, Barugaya, and Towata. Mapping results show that 4 areas are superior commodity development, 11 areas for mainstay commodity development, 37 areas for prospective commodity development, and 38 areas for slow commodity development. The number of areas for slow commodity development shows that the production of food commodities in the Malolo agropolitan area is less able to compete with food commodity production in other areas in a larger area.

Penerapan Metode SMA Untuk Peramalan Tingkat Produksi Tanaman Pangan di Dinas Pertanian

Food is the most important foodstuff needed by humans, in addition to consumption, the production of food crops can also be used as a source of business in the economy. This study aims to predict the production of food crops in the Agriculture Office of Asahan Regency. Based on data on food crop production from 2012 to 2019 at the Asahan District Agriculture Office experienced ups and downs, food crop production sometimes does not meet the consumption of people in Asahan Regency (devisit) and sometimes overproduction (surplus). So far, the Agriculture Office of Asahan Regency has predicted the production of food crops only with estimates so that the results are not accurate. Based on these problems, a proper forecasting system is needed so that it is able to predict the production rate of food crops quickly and accurately. Applications are built using Visual Basic Net 2010 and MySQL databases and use the Single Moving Average method. The results of this study can help the Agriculture Office of Asahan Regency in predicting the amount of food crop production in the next period according to the needs. Keywords : Forecasting, Production, Food Crops, Single Moving Average Abstrak: Pangan merupakan bahan makanan paling utama yang di butuhkan oleh manusia, selain untuk dikomsumsi, hasil produksi dari tanamana pangan juga dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber usaha dalam perekonomian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan prediksi produksi tanaman pangan pada Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Asahan. Berdasarkan data produksi tanaman pangan dari tahun 2012 sampai dengan tahun 2019 pada Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Asahan mengalami naik turun, produksi tanaman pangan terkadang tidak memenuhi konsumsi masyarakat di Kabupaten Asahan (devisit) dan terkadang kelebihan produksi (surplus). Selama ini Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Asahan melakukan prediksi produksi tanaman pangan hanya dengan perkiraaan-perkiraan saja sehingga hasilnya tidak akurat. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka dibutuhkan sistem peramalan yang tepat sehingga mampu meramalkan tingkat produksi tanaman pangan dengan cepat dan akurat. Aplikasi dibangun menggunakan Visual Basic Net 2010 dan database MySQL serta menggunakan metode Single Moving Average. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat membantu Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Asahan dalam memprediksi jumlah produksi tanaman pangan pada periode berikutnya sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Kata Kunci : Peramalan, Produksi, Tanaman Pangan, Single Moving Average

Ritual, Myth, and the Rise of “Greedy Rice”

This chapter studies the ritual conservation of archaic cultigens. Contemporary food-crop agriculture in the region is heavily focused on rice. But tribal mythology, supported by archaeological evidence, suggests that much grain cultivation was preceded by the cultivation of tubers, in particular taro. Myth and ritual depict this process of agricultural change as a contest, as political in effect; and indeed, the history of the development of rice cultivation — especially irrigated cultivation — cannot be told without reference to the rise of central states, which favored rice cultivation as easy to control and tax. State ideologies disparage systems of food-crop production that are less amenable to state control as primitive, as reflected in folk mythology that depicts the earlier forms of cultivation, for example of tubers, as demanding less knowledge. The native mythology and ritual thus represent the terms of a historical contest over rice cultivation that played out over the centuries. The “constitutive absence” of long-gone crops in contemporary myth and ritual affords people a perspective on the present, showing its apparent inevitability as historically contingent. This exemplifies the capacity for “correctives” like ritual and religion to escape the confines of “conscious purpose.”

Case for Climate Smart Agriculture in Addressing the Threat of Climate Change

Climate smart agriculture (CSA) embodies a blend of innovations, practices, systems, and investment programmes that are used to mitigate against the adverse effects of climate change and variability on agriculture for sustained food production. Food crop production under various climate change scenarios requires the use of improved technologies that are called climate smart agriculture to ensure increased productivity under adverse conditions of increased global temperatures, frequent and more intense storms, floods and drought stresses. This chapter summarizes available information on climate change and climate smart agriculture technologies. It is important to evaluate each climate change scenario and provide technologies that farmers, research scientists, and policy drivers can use to create the desired climate smart agriculture given the array of tools and resources available.

Adaptation of Small-Scale Tea and Coffee Farmers in Kenya to Climate Change

The adverse effect of climate change on agriculture is well-documented and is a cause of concern for governments globally. In addition to concerns over food crop production, the economies of numerous developing countries rely heavily on cash crops. The coffee and tea sectors are key in Kenya’s economy, contributing significantly to the gross domestic product, foreign exchange, and the direct or indirect employment of millions. Farmers engaged in the production of coffee and tea are predominantly small-scale farmers, with the majority farming on less than five acres. Climate change poses a threat to the production of these two crops and by extension to the economy of Kenya and the livelihood of farmers and those employed in these sectors. This study identifies the challenges posed by climate change in the tea and coffee sectors, the adaptation and mitigation measures identified, and the scope of their implementation. The production, processing, and marketing of tea and coffee in Kenya differs widely in terms of the institutions and institutional arrangements in the two sectors. This study will therefore analyze the role played by institutions in both sectors and how this affects climate change adaptation and mitigation measures by small-scale farmers.

Effects of wood harvesting on the livelihood of forest fringe communities in southwest Nigeria

This study was carried out to assess effects of wood harvesting on the livelihood of forest communities in Ibarapa region, southwest, Nigeria. The study was conducted to identify the various livelihood activities engaged in by forest communities in the region; to assess how wood harvesting in the forests has affected the livelihood of the people in the region as well as to determine the factors influencing wood harvesting in the region. Three hundred copies of structured questionnaire were used to elicit information from the respondents. Focused Group Discussion and Key Informant Interview were also used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results show that various livelihood activities were engaged in by the respondents, prominent among which were food crop production, cash crop production, charcoal production, among others. Among the factors that were responsible for wood harvesting in the region, only age, occupation, household size and the distance of respondent’s house to the forest were significant at 5%. It was observed that excessive wood harvesting has negatively affected the forests in the study area as most of the forests have been greatly degraded. This study recommends that the activities of forest communities should be regulated by local authorities and governments, at different levels, in order to sustain the forests in the region. Key words: timber, charcoal, lumbering, regression, fuelwood