Key Trends in Esg-Agenda Development: Reviewing the Situation in Russia and the World

The article studies successive implementation of the concept of sustainable development on the international and Russian market starting with the official formulating the concept in the report ‘Our Common Future’, which was presented by the UN in 1987 and till the latest trends of national economy of the Russian Federation. The author provides the gist of key aspects and notions of ESG-approach to management, analyzes their rise and assesses the degree of their academic elaboration and practical use in Russia. On the basis of the current trend analysis a conclusion was drawn about the importance of introducing the concept of management from ESG-standpoint on all levels of economy. Scientific generalization of practical experience allowed the author to come to the conclusion that international trends of sustainable development will determine the general line in ESG-approach to management of social and economic development in Russia on all levels – from federal to corporate one. The article identifies key regulator trends in carbon regulation, the development of tools of green and responsible financing, commitments on ESG-information revealing and risk management. The latest initiatives of big state, public and finance companies in issuance of green bonds were described, as well as acute trends in the state regulator work in ESG- sphere.

A quantitative measure of the degree of output controllability for output regulation control systems: Concept, approach, and applications

Currently, many research studies reveal that for state regulator problems, the higher the degree of controllability is, the better the control effect likely is. Note that for the output regulator problems, the control performance is often evaluated by outputs. This article hence generalizes the concept and applications of degree of controllability to the case of output regulator. To this end, a kind of degree of output controllability is presented. Furthermore, simulations on wind turbines and the inverted pendulum system demonstrate that better control effect may be achieved by increasing the degree of output controllability measure. These results imply that similar to the case of degree of controllability for state regulation control, the degree of output controllability measure is likely a feasible candidate index for the design and optimization of the structural parameters of controlled plants in the case of output regulation control.

A STUDY OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT IN UKRAINE

The paper studies the historical and legal background of the formation and development of government procurement in Ukraine. It analyzes the essence and significance of public procurement for the effective development of budgetary enterprises, institutions and organizations in different historical periods. It has been established that public procurement took various forms long before the independence of Ukraine. State orders are considered in the context of the broader problem of state regulation of the economy, namely one of the most serious and ambiguous economic problems is the rational interaction of the state and the market system in the process of public procurement. It is substantiated that a full-fledged national economy largely depends on how transparent and economically justified public expenditures on the maintenance of institutions financed from the state budget. Detected that one of the most promising ways to implement the concept of rational and efficient use of budget funds is the widespread introduction of a single structured system in the procurement of goods, works and services for public needs, based on competition, transparency, non-discrimination and decentralization. The paper reviews specifics of legislative regulation of public procurement in the relevant periods. The stage of transition of the system of centralized production planning, distribution of material and technical resources, the function of the state order as an absolute state regulator in the production of products and services to the means of meeting the needs of material resources, products, works and services of consumers supported by the state budget. It identifies the main differences in the approaches to understanding the essence of public procurement. The paper provides a detailed description of the influence of factors and circumstances on the development of the legal framework of public procurement. It determines and substantiates government procurement development periods. The paper analyzes the negative effects of omissions and non-finalization of the legal framework of each respective period. It studies the methods of and reasons for changing the terminology in the formation of the conceptual apparatus of the modern legal framework. Conclusions on changes, additions and adjustments to the legal framework of public procurement are provided. The paper assesses the main differences between the adopted public procurement laws.

Regulatory Capture Thwarts Feedback

Chapter 7 examines net metering. These laws have been crucial across the country for the development of the solar market. They set the rules for how to compensate individuals and organizations supplying energy to the grid, typically excess solar energy. After passing a series of clean energy targets in the 1990s and early 2000s that the state never implemented, Arizona finally began to get serious about renewable energy in 2008, passing a net metering law that year. However, the state regulator made a series of decisions from 2013 to 2017 that weakened and ultimately retrenched the state’s solar policies. Here, regulatory capture was key to electric utilities’ success in controlling the policymaking process. One utility, Arizona Public Service, spent over $55 million across several elections to block clean energy policies and elect anti-solar politicians. This chapter shows how opponent interest groups can directly drive retrenchment through regulatory capture.

Effectiveness of Government Regulation of the Banking Sector: Assessment and Rating of Banks

The article deals with the causes of the negative situation in the banking sector, as the state of the bank depends on the analysis of almost all aspects of banking activity for some time. It is determined that during the banking sector audits, the state regulator uses analytical data on the banking sector's operations with its monetary obligations, compliance with maturities and maturities of assets that operate and terms and amounts of liabilities, namely, dealing with banking sector liquidity. As their financial reliability is important in the banking sector, therefore, bank clients are a socio-economic sector, needing an objective and independent assessment, as reliability directly affects the socio-economic development of the country. The banking sector was analyzed in 2016-2019 and it was found that during this period violations of laws and regulations issued by the state regulator were made in the banking sector. A number of penalties, written warnings and administrative penalties were applied by the state regulator. The method of determining the rating of banks in respect of which penalties were applied by the state regulator is proposed. The rating allows investors and potential clients to understand the situation in the banking market and helps banks identify their weaknesses and correct their work. The application of the proposed economic and mathematical model in the rating of participants in the banking sector can have a positive effect on: improving the quality of management in the banking sector and transparency in the activities of each individual bank; standardization of technologies of rating of the banking sector under the prism of the applied sanctions by the state regulator. Therefore, there is a need for an in-depth study of the techniques used by credit rating agencies in the banking sector and the identification of the main problems in establishing the rating of the banking sector. Key words: banking sector, state regulator, economic sector, efficiency, rating, rating, social sector.

Synthesis and modeling of the multidimensional technological object control system on the state regulator basis

The problem of structural-parametric synthesis of automatic control systems (ACS) of technological objects is deter-mined by the multi-dimensionality, multi-connectedness and nonlinearity of their mathematical models. Despite the indicated properties of such objects, traditional linear systems based on PID-algorithms are still used for process control. Since the synthesis of linear systems using input-output models does not take into account the multi-dimensionality and mutual influence of state coordinates, such systems increase the influence of parametric and signal perturbations on the quality of control processes. The increasing requirements for the quality and efficiency of technological processes control made it expedient to apply the control principle by the state vector based on the use of uninertial state regulators or combined state regulators including flexible feedback on the derivative state coordinates or state coordinate integrals. The research uses methods of system analysis of technological processes as control objects, methods of automatic control theory, methods of control systems synthesis on the state regulators basis, meth-ods of computer simulation. The linearized mathematical model of liquid-phase chemical reactor in the state space has been obtained. It has been established that the investigated object has the property of free movement stability and it is fully controlled in the state space. The problem of synthesis of a single-channel concentration vector control system in a chemical reactor using state regulator has been solved. The parameters of state regulator settings have been determined using the method of modal control. The efficiency of the automatic control system on the basis of the state regulator with an integral component has been shown using the method of computer simulation of the ‘nonlinear object – linear control subsystem’ complex. It has been demonstrated that the absence of an integral component in the control algorithm structure leads to a great static error of regulation. To eliminate the static error of control and ensure the robustness of the control system, it is recommended to introduce an integral component into the structure of state controller. This ensures the efficiency of the control system both for the case of complete measurement of the state vector and for the case of measurement of the output controlled variable only.

Changes in Regulatory Laws Over the Sharing Economy Business on the Example of Brazil

The shared economy gained importance in the early 21st century, gaining scale through the internet. With this, various business models were created, offering innovative products and services to people. Many of the businesses in the sharing economy, because of their innovative character, challenge state regulation, which still does not know how to fit them, because, as disruptive, these businesses no longer seem to fit into traditional legal categories. And this difficulty in the legal framework can create burdens on innovative companies that can negatively impact results, as well as maintaining these companies in the market in a competitive manner. The search for state regulation that can adequately frame new businesses born in the sharing economy is a major challenge for the state regulator, which must seek regulation that protects users without impeding the development of new business. The regulation of new businesses in the sharing economy is a great challenge in Brazil because this regulation creates a lot of problems to the companies born in the sharing economy.

SYNERGY OF THE BANKING AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECTORS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE STATE REGULATOR

The article examines the factors that influence the relationship between the banking and socio-economic sectors, which testifies to their close relationship: the capabilities and potential of one sector increase as the other sector develops. The issues of sector synergy in the system of interaction between the bank and the state regulator, the banking and economic sector and the banking and social sector, both in theoretical, methodological and practical aspects, remain insufficiently developed. Banking entities should give the opportunity to use all opportunities to maximize profits without restriction in a period of economic growth, which will provide enough painless support to businesses in order to retain and develop full-fledged, strong partners in the future. The implementation of the principle should be temporary, and the costs of the banking sector can be offset by economic growth.