Migration, Distribution, and Crystallization of NaCl and Na2SO4 Solutions in Three Different Media

Salt damage is one of the most common and serious diseases in silicate cultural relics. In this research, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (low-field NMR), automatic high-speed X-ray microtomography imaging, polarized light microscopy, and ultra-depth of field microscopy were applied to investigate the migration, distribution, and crystallization of NaCl and Na2SO4 on the surface of hydrophilic media, glass capillaries, and porous SiO2 materials, respectively. The results show that these two salts have different crystal growth behaviors in the same medium. NaCl grows in a granular form on the surface of hydrophilic medium and generally crystallizes outside the glass capillary tube, whereas Na2SO4 grows in a circular ring and always crystallizes inside, and some bubbles can be seen clearly in the hydrophilic medium. Meanwhile, different from NaCl, which is mainly concentrated on the upper surface of SiO2 sample, the migration of the Na2SO4 solution is distributed in the whole sample, and crystals accumulate on the interior of the sample surface. The different crystallization behaviors of salts are speculated to be related to damage conditions such as efflorescence and mural blisters in silicate cultural relics.

Development of a Microprobing System for Side Wall Detection Based on Local Surface Interaction Force Detection

This study proposes a novel microprobing system for the surface detection of the side wall of micrometric scale workpieces based on the detection of the local surface interaction force. A spherical tip-shaped glass capillary tube with a micrometric scale diameter was employed as a micro-stylus. To obtain a low measuring force, the local attractive interaction force on the surface of the workpieces was detected by the vibrating micro-stylus and used as the probing trigger signal. The vibration in the main axis direction of the stylus allowed detection of the local surface interaction force in all directions around the stylus shaft. In this paper, the principle and configuration of the developed microprobe are mentioned. Probing detections around the stylus shaft were verified by the surface detection of a pin gauge. Repeatability of the probing by the developed microprobing system was evaluated.

Sodium citrate doped polypyrrole/PS glass capillary tube sensor for ultra-small volume HCl gas detection

A sodium citrate (SC) doped polypyrrole (PPy)/PS capillary sensor was prepared for ultra-small volume HCl gas detection.

ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF ISONICOTINIC ACID HYDRAZONE DERIVATIVES USING MES, scPTZ AND ROTOROD NEUROTOXICITY MODELS

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder, involving group of nerve cells, or neurons, in the brain. Many classes of antiepilepticdrugs are being prescribed and used by the stake holders but most of them are associated with serious side effects and toxicity. There is a strongneed of new antiepileptic molecules with less side effects and toxicity. Objective: A series of aryl acid hydrazones of Isonicotinic acid hydrazide(RINH1 -RINH14) were synthesized and evaluated for Anticonvulsant activity. Material and Method: Compounds (RINH1 -RINH14) weresynthesized by refluxing Isonicotinic acid hydrazide with different substituted benzaldehydes/ substituted acetophenones in absolute ethanol.Melting points of all synthesized compounds were monitored by open glass-capillary tube method on Digital Melting point apparatus and areuncorrected. The synthesized compounds were tested for anticonvulsant potential using MES and scPTZ whereas neurotoxicity was determinedusing Rotarod model. Result and Discussion: At 100mg/kg compound RINH10 have shown 29% protection at both 0.5hr and 4.0 time interval.At 300mg/kg and 0.5 hr, compounds RINH4 and RINH10 showed 100% and 50 % protection respectively. Compounds RINH4 and RINH10 havebetter anti MES activity proving that halogens have prominent contribution in Anticonvulsant activity. In scPTZ screen, all synthesized Acidhydrazone (RINH1- RINH14 ) did not show any protection at 30, 100,300 mg/kg , at 0.5 hr and 4.0 hr duration .In rotorod test i.e neurotoxicityscreen, compound RINH5, RINH6 , RINH10 have shown toxicity. Conclusion: The synthesized new molecules were proved to be havinganticonvulsant activity with less signs of neurotoxicity.

Non-Intrusive Pressure Measurement in Microchannels

Direct pressure and flow rate measurement in microsystems has been problematic due to micro and nano length scales. Commercially available pressure and flow rate transducers are typically orders of magnitude larger than the channel cross sections making these sensors impractical for microchannels. A novel, non-intrusive measurement technique has proven to be adaptable for making such measurements. The technique, based upon backscattering interferometry, correlates changes in interferometric fringe morphology to fluid compressibility. Sub-Pascal pressure detection has been demonstrated using an unfocused laser beam impinging on a fluid-filled, glass capillary tube. Fringe movement and thickness change, resulting from fluid velocity changes and transverse tube deflection, have been correlated to pressure values via the Hagen-Poiseuille relationships for laminar flow.