Continuing care retirement community senior housing in Shanghai: an analysis of the development barriers

Purpose Shanghai is currently faced with a rapid increase in the ageing population and demand for elderly homes. Continuing care retirement community (CCRC) has been emerging as a high-end alternative to offer specialised accommodation to the elderly in major cities. Since the first development in 2008, the industry is now still at the infancy stage. This study aims to examine the investment barriers hindering the supply and demand of CCRCs with an aim to recommend practical and senior housing policy measures to facilitate CCRC developments. Design/methodology/approach Multiple-case study method was used to confirm whether the literature findings on investment barriers apply to the context of Shanghai. Four representative CCRC development cases in Shanghai were examined, in which qualitative data were collected from interviews with experienced CCRC development managers and quantitative data from a questionnaire survey of the CCRC residents. Findings Operation management experience, financial risks and government support policy were found to be the main supply barriers. Chinese traditional family-oriented culture and affordability were not the main demand barriers of CCRCs in Shanghai. Poor quality of services and living environment were identified as the main barriers suppressing the demand for CCRC. Research limitations/implications Although common trends and views can be drawn from the representative cases in Shanghai to provide valid results, further research should be conducted on other major cities in China so that the results can be widely applied. Practical implications Successful CCRC investment strategy should focus on partnering with experienced professional eldercare management companies, provisions of high-quality medical professionals and trained care personnel and delivery of flexible care service, along with intensive capital flows for land, construction and operating costs. Social implications Additional senior housing policy support should be established to promote the CCRC supply to address the ageing needs, particularly granting lands for CCRC developments at Tiers 1 and 2 major cities where the land cost is high. Originality/value This research’s practical and policy measures can be applied to enable and promote CCRC developments in Shanghai, thus benefitting both housing investors and the government. The findings also form a baseline for CCRC developments in other major cities.

Can Cross-Border Funding Frictions Explain Financial Integration Reversals?

We show that constraints on using leverage for foreign positions can act as an international investment barrier. Guided by an international CAPM with leverage constraints, we use observed stock prices to measure the variation in the magnitude and the implicit cost of such cross-border funding barriers. Our measure helps explain the dynamics of global market integration and, in particular, its reversals documented in the literature, but not explained by other international investment barriers. We confirm our results using alternative financial integration measures, international capital flows, and institutional portfolio holdings.

Identifying Barriers to Development of the Public-Private Partnership in Providing of Hospital Services in Iran:A Qualitative Study

Background: In recent years, public-private partnerships (PPPs) have been used to expand hospital services in many countries. Despite the achievements and implications, there have always been many challenges in implementing it. The purpose of this study was to identify the barriers and challenges in the development of public-private partnerships in hospital services in the country of Iran. Methods: This is a qualitative study conducted in 2015- 2016 by the content analysis method. The research population included experts and health professionals and those who have contributed to the development of PPPs model in hospital services (public and private). Of these, eighteen were selected using a purposive sampling approach and were interviewed semi-structured. The MAXQDA10 software was used to analyze the transcribed interviews. Results: Four main themes and sixteen sub-themes were identified concerning the barriers to developing public-private partnerships in the provision of hospital services in the country. They are cultural and social barriers, political and legal barriers, financial and investment barriers, and structural and process barriers. Conclusion: Officials and policymakers should identify the obstacles facing participatory patterns and then provide a suitable platform for nongovernmental organizations. This action can lead to an increase in the level of readiness of hospitals in Iran to implement this model.

Assessing and factoring in investment barriers for making long-term projections of the energy sector

This study deals with the issue of a quantitative assessment of barriers to the energy sector development as an important stand-alone problem of making projections. To solve it, it is proposed to use iterative calcula-tions as performed by the system of optimization and stochastic models and factor in investment risks.

Border strife will set back Chinese business in India

Significance It has banned 59 Chinese apps and imposed trade and investment barriers. India’s economy is dependent on venture capital from Chinese tech giants, while many of its industries rely on imports from China. Impacts India will seek greater tech investment from Japan and the United States. Delhi’s tariffs on solar cells and modules imported from China will be used to increase funds for domestic manufacturing of these items. Chinese companies will be excluded from road and highway projects in India.

Indonesia and United States General System of Preference (US-GSP): Eligibility of Indonesia as a Beneficiary Country

After 3 years, precisely in 2018, the United States reviewed Indonesia's eligibility in receiving US-General System of Preference (US-GSP) facilities. Interestingly, the results of the review have not yet been published. This happens for the United States assumes that Indonesia implements various trade and investment barriers that have a negative impact on the United States, one of which is due to the policy of limiting imports of horticultural products, the implementation of Gerbang Pembayaran Nasional (GPN) and so on. Then with the current conditions, how about the eligibility of Indonesia if it want to receive GSP facilities. This article argues that Indonesia continues to fulfil the required points as a beneficiary country. Indonesia can also use these points as a source of bargaining power to influence the United States so that the results of the GSP review state that Indonesia is eligible to receive GSP facilities, as well as refuse previous US assumptions. This article uses qualitative research methods with a case study approach with primary (interview) and secondary (literature) data collection techniques. This article concludes that Indonesia is still eligible to receive the GSP facility because Indonesia is trying to fulfil the required points as a source of Indonesia's bargaining power towards the United States.