Low numbers of cytokine transcripts drive inflammatory skin diseases by initiating amplification cascades in localized epidermal clusters

Abundant polyclonal T cells infiltrate chronic inflammatory diseases and characterization of these cells is needed to distinguish disease-driving from bystander immune cells. Here, we investigated 52,000 human cutaneous transcriptomes of non-communicable inflammatory skin diseases (ncISD) using spatial transcriptomics. Despite the expected T cell infiltration, we observed only 1-10 pathogenic T cell cytokine per skin section. Cytokine expression was limited to lesional skin and presented in a disease-specific pattern. In fact, we identified responder signatures in direct proximity of cytokines, and showed that single cytokine transcripts initiate amplification cascades of thousands of specific responder transcripts forming localized epidermal clusters. Thus, within the abundant and polyclonal T cell infiltrates of ncISD, only a few T cells drive disease by initiating an inflammatory amplification cascade in their local microenvironment.

PSORIASIS PUSTULARIS DALAM KEHAMILAN

Psoriasis is a residual chronic inflammatory skin disease, characterized by a predominance of pustular eruptions accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever lasting several days. . Psoriasis in pregnancy can lead to spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and preterm birth. Reported the case of Mrs. YS 38 years old, received from the genital skin section of RS M Djamil Padang with a diagnosis of G3P2A0H2 + pustular psoriasis. Fetomaternal ultrasound was performed, obtained biometrics: BPD: 80mm, FL: 61 mm, HL: 54 mm, AC 271 mm, AFI 10.7 cm, SDAU 2.79, estimated fetal weight 1700-1800 grams. Impression: gravid 31-32 weeks, single live fetus intra uterine. Patients are planned for administration of high doses of corticosteroids. Informed consent to the patient and family about the actions to be performed. Corticosteroid was administered as much as 30 mg long term with a dose of prednisone in tappering off every 2 weeks. The patient was discharged for control to the skin clinic and obstetrics, the patient came 12 days later and was consulted to the obstetrics department for termination of the pregnancy but from the obstetrics department there was no confirmation for termination of the pregnancy. The patient then came 13 days later with 18 hours PRM. Pregnancy termination by cesarean section was performed. a baby girl was born with LBW: 3000 gr, PB: 48 cm, A / S: 8/9, there were no congenital abnormalities such as growth disorders, cleft lip, cataracts, and polycystic kidney disease in infants. The cause of psoriasis in this case is probably pregnancy.Keywords: pustularis psoriais, psoriasis, pregnancy, corticosteroid

The experience of access application to recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands as the way of the postoperative complications prevention in case of video-assisted surgery

Aim. To justify the application of surgical access to thyroid and parathyroid glands by means of videoendoscopic equipment. Methods. 14 video-assisted surgeries on thyroid and parathyroid glands were performed during the period of 2011-2014 using low-invasive midline cervical access by means of videoendoscopic equipment. Results. The surgery was carried out with a skin access of less than 3 cm, the section was made 1.5-2 cm above than jugular notch. Tissue dissection was performed by means of «channel» formation with mobilization of tissues while looking for recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands up to allocation of the superior pole of a thyroid gland lobe under the laparoscopic control. In case of parathyroidectomy due to adenoma special attention was paid to presurgical topical diagnostics which included neck organs ultrasound examination with the use of expert class equipment as well as thyroid and parathyroid glands scintigraphy. Intrasurgical ultrasound examination of the area of surgery to specify the pathologically changed parathyroid gland location was performed in some cases. Jugular notch of sternum, lower pole of thyroid gland, lateral surface of trachea, tracheo-oesophageal groove, and inferior thyroid artery were used as reference points for identification of recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands while using video equipment. As a rule, the recurrent laryngeal nerve was located behind and below the parathyroid glands. The distance from a skin section to a recurrent laryngeal nerve and lower parathyroid glands was 3.6 and 3.1 cm respectively. Conclusion. Use of video endoscopic equipment allows to reduce traumatic surgeries on neck organs and promotes the better visualization of anatomical structures in an area of surgery.

Penetration of Salmonella typhimurium into Turkey Skin

Penetration of Salmonella typhimurium into the turkey skins from three different defeathering systems (conventional, kosher, and steam-spray) was quantified by transverse sectioning of inoculated skins with a cryostat and fluorescent antibody staining of skin section homogenates. The microtopography of each skin observed by transmission electron microscopy was correlated with cell penetration. Although few cells were recovered due to freeze injury or freeze killing, direct plating of skin section homogenates showed the different properties of each skin for cell penetration. Fluorescent antibody staining recovered the most cells and revealed the cell distribution within the skin. In conventional skin, over 90% of cells resided in the upper 50 μm depth of skin, which implies the poor penetration of cells. Kosher skin showed relatively even distribution of cells up to 150 μm in depth, which indicated the penetration of cells even into the dermis. Steam-spray skin allowed the deepest (over 200 μm depth) and the highest number of penetration among the three types of skin. Conventional skin retained a thin layer of epidermis (0.3 ~ μm of stratum germinativum) on the surface, and it appeared to act as an effective physical shield against bacterial invasion. The loss of all epidermis on steam-spray skin could explain the deep penetration following this process. Kosher skin retained the most epidermis; however, the characteristic lengthy picking time in kosher processing caused mechanical damage to the skin and allowed deep penetration of cells.

Percutaneous Absorption of Benzo[a]Pyrene in the Rat: Comparison of in Vivo and in Vitro Results

Percutaneous absorption of 14C-labeled benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was studied in five-day in vivo and in vitro experiments with female Sprague- Dawley rats following single topical doses of 9-10 μ g/cm2. The in vivo percutaneous absorption was measured by the presence of 14C radioactivity in urine, feces and tissues. In vitro percutaneous absorp tion was measured with excised (non-viable) skin in Franz-type diffusion cells. Several modifications of standard diffusion cell techniques which are known to enhance the transport of lipophilic compounds were evaluated. In vitro penetration was determined by directly measuring the level of 14C radioactivity in the receptorfluid. BaP was observed to readily penetrate in vivo with a total of 46.2% (n = 4, SD = 3.4%) of the applied dose being absorbed over five days. In in vitro experi ments using a ∼350 μm-thick skin section and normal saline receptor solution, only 2.1 % of the applied BaP diffused into the receptor fluid over five days. In in vitro experiments usingfull-thickness skin and a 6% solution ofnonionic surfactant receptor fluid, 28.0% of the applied BaP diffused into the receptor fluid over five days. When both a ∼350 μm-thick skin section and a 6% surfactant receptor solution were used in vitro, 49.9% (n = 4, SD = 3.1%) of the BaP dose was found in the receptor fluid after five days. The results show that the modified in vitro method is suitable for studying percutaneous absorption of lipophilic compounds such as BaP.