A novel analysis of spun yarn hairiness inside limited two-dimensional space

Surface hairiness of spun yarns is critical to the yarn post-processing deficiency and resultant fabric quality. Several test methods are available for measuring yarn hairiness but they cannot detect the accurate hair amount and precise hair length. This paper provides a novel method to perform accurate hairiness tests on the spun yarn. A new test apparatus was devised by installing a blowing pipe outside of the hairiness testing area comprising a projection receiver and a corresponding laser. The rectangle end plane of the blowing pipe air inlet is vertical to the laser plane and tangent to the edge line of the projection receiver surface. Pressure generated through this inlet stretches yarn wild hairiness straightly in one direction, and fully maps accurate hairiness amount and length configuration on the projection receiver surface. The subsequent measurement showed that this novel test apparatus detected more hairiness with improved accuracy in both number and length of hairiness. Approximately real gravimetric hairiness weight can be obtained by this method which is impracticable for other conventional photoelectric apparatus.

A Portable Apparatus for Colloidal Gold Test on Clenbuterol

To quantitatively detect the on-site test of the content of clenbuterol in pork, a photoelectric apparatus for the colloidal gold test to detect clenbuterol was developed based on green LED and linear CCD. This design method could realize a semi-quantitative analysis of clenbuterol concentrations ranging from 0 to 1 ng/ml. Such an apparatus could promote an integrated approach to the management of the community food safety

Comparison between the Photoelectric Method and H2 Clearance Method for Measuring Cerebrocortical Blood Flow in Cats

The photoelectric method using carbon black as a nondiffusible tracer of blood was compared with the hydrogen clearance (H2) method in nine anesthetized cats. A photoelectric apparatus and H2 electrode were applied to a small region of the cerebral cortex (left ectosylvian gyrus) for simultaneous measurement of the regional CBF. The values of CBF(H2) and CBF(photoelectric) were 50.7 ± 19.2 and 52.1 ± 14.5 ml − 100 g−1 · min−1, respectively. CBF(H2) and CBF(photoelectric) were found to correlate well ( r = 0.588, p < 0.01) when changes in CBF were induced by CO2 inhalation, exsanguination, hyperventilation, and occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. The correlation between CBF(H2) and CBF(photoelectric) was much better in the case of intraindividual comparisons ( r = 0.957, p < 0.01). In addition to its merits in common with the H2 clearance method, such as handiness, low cost, and strict regionality, the photoelectric method displayed the following advantages: time-to-time measurements of CBF (<20 s), immediate display of the microcirculatory flow pattern, and simultaneous monitoring of cerebral blood volume. However, measurements from deep structures of the brain are better performed by the H2 method despite the disadvantage of the use of a potentially explosive gas.

RBC Aggregometer head as a Warning Monitor of Flow Disturbance in Extracorporeal Systems

A simple photoelectric apparatus is described, to monitor the flow condition of whole blood in an extracorporeal system. It can raise an immediate alarm on disturbance of flow. The apparatus comprises an RBC aggregometer head, described previously, for measuring the rate of RBC aggregation in whole blood. Its construction was modified for easy attach-ability and detachability without causing tube damage. In practice, the apparatus was applied by hooking it to the tube of the extracorporeal system in animals and in a clinical case of blood dialysis in a patient with renal failure, in which stoppage of blood flow elicited a dramatic change in the baseline record of light transmission of the mobile blood. The signal of the apparatus was fed to an alarm system via a voltage comparator switch. The apparatus is inexpensive, solid and durable, easy to operate by untrained personnel, and has excellent stability and reproducibility.

Transfer function through regional cerebral cortex evaluated by a photoelectric method

A new technique is reported for obtaining the transfer function through the regional cerebral cortex. Tissue carbon-black (CB) dilution curves were recorded with a photoelectric apparatus used as a densitometer head in cat cortex in situ following intracarotid injection of 0.2 ml of 1/40 diluted CB solution. The linearity and stationarity of the vascular system, reproducibility of the curve, and recirculation were tested. The tissue CB dilution curve, a cumulative distribution function, was first differentiated yielding two curves comprising the inlet and outlet curves. The error due to "overlapping" was corrected for by extrapolation using the gamma-density function. The transfer function through the cortex was then calculated by numerical deconvolution of the inlet and outlet curves. The validity of the calculated transfer function was verified by comparison with that obtained from actual CB dilution curves recorded simultaneously from the pial artery and superior sagittal sinus. The transfer function was further subjected to moment analysis for determining the intraparenchymal circulatory parameters of the cerebral cortex. Some examples demonstrating the applicability of technique are given.