Tax Minimization Pemoderisasi Tunnelling Incentive, Mechanism Bonus dan Debt Covenant dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Transfer Pricing

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the effect of income tunneling incentive, mechanism bonus and debt covenant on transfer pricing indications with tax minimization moderitation variables. This study is conducted using a case study with a qualitative research method. The data used is secondary data in form of evidence, historical records or reports that have been compiled in published and unpublished archives (documentary data). The research population uses manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2018-2020. The sampling technique was carried out by purposive sampling method. The study uses 505 observational data. Logistic regression is a data analysis technique used in this study. The result of the research that tunnelling incentives, mechanism bonus and debt covenant with tax minimization variable moderating have an effect on transfer pricing indications. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tunneling incentive, mekanisme bonus dan debt covenant terhadap indikasi transfer pricing dengan tax minimization sebagai variabel moderisasi. Strategi penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus dengan metode penelitian kualitatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa bukti, catatan atau laporan historis yang telah tersusun dalam arsip (data dokumenter) yang dipublikasikan dan yang tidak dipublikasikan. Populasi penelitian menggunakan perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2018-2020. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Penelitian menggunakan 505 data observasi. Regresi logistik merupakan teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tunnelling incentive, mechanism bonus dan debt covenant dengan tax minimization sebagai variabel pemoderisasi berpengaruh terhadap keputusan melakukan transfer pricing.

Relationship between Financial Structure and Financial Performance of Flag Carriers in Africa

While airline profitability has remained a challenge over several years, the weakest performance identified by IATA reports was from airlines in Africa and Latin America. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of leverage, liquidity, and asset tangibility on firm profitability of flag carriers in Africa. Stratified random sampling technique adopted reduced the working population of 23 firms to 4 firms namely Kenya Airways, Ethiopian Airways, Air Mauritius and South African Airways. Data was collected from each airline’s website over a thirteen-year period between 2005–2017. The findings were that leverage had a significant effect that was either positive or negative depending on whether debt is financed by equity or by assets implying that airline managers should endeavour to target cost-efficient sources of capital. Liquidity and asset tangibility were observed to have no significant effect and had little to no explanatory power on financial performance in the selected African airlines. The study recommends implementing a collaborative effort using a tri-partite debt covenant between airline managers, lenders of capital and government. African governments and local lenders should step in to support their Flag carriers by reducing the gaps and costs associated with acquisition of debt and other sources of capital. Airline managers on their part should manage resources efficiently and be held accountable with periodic audits to ensure they are invested in sustainable levels of their airline’s profitability.

DETERMINASI TRANSFER PRICING PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI INDONESIA

This study aims to determine the effect of income tax, tunneling incentive, and debt covenant on transfer pricing indications. The research population uses manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2015-2019. The sampling technique was carried out by purposive sampling method. The study used 105 observational data. Logistic regression is a data analysis technique used in this study. The results of the study show that there is an effect of tunneling incentive, which is measured by the amount of foreign share ownership that exceeds 20% on transfer pricing. However, this study cannot prove the effect of income tax, as measured by the different box tax and debt covenants, as measured by the debt to equity ratio on transfer pricing.

The Effect of Institutional Ownership, Debt Covenant and Growth Opportunity on Accounting Conservatism

This study aims to analyze the positive effect of institutional ownership on accounting conservatism, analyze the negative effect of debt covenants on accounting conservatism, and analyze the effect of growth opportunities on accounting conservatism.The population in this study are companies listed in BUMN in the 2016 – 2018 financial year. All BUMN companies listed on the IDX are used. Sampling was carried out using purposive sampling method and had certain criteria. The data collection method used is the documentation method from electronic media. The data was obtained from the internet (www.idx.go.id and company website). Data analysis using multiple linear regressionanalysis. The discussion that has been stated, the following conclusions can be drawn; 1). Institutional ownership structure has no effect on accounting conservatism. 2). Debtcovenants have no effect onbaccounting conservatism. 3). Gross opportunity has a significant positive effect on accounting conservatism

Private lenders' use of analyst earnings forecasts when establishing debt covenant thresholds

We examine whether lenders use analyst forecasts of the borrower's earnings as inputs when establishing covenant thresholds in private debt contracts. We find that, among debt contracts that include an earnings covenant, earnings thresholds are set closer to analyst forecasts when analysts have historically issued more accurate earnings forecasts. These results are robust to firm fixed effects and an instrumental variable approach. Further, we find that, following a plausibly exogenous decline in the availability of analyst earnings forecasts, debt contracts are less likely to include earnings covenants. Our evidence is consistent with lenders using analyst earnings forecasts as an input when establishing debt covenant thresholds and suggests sell-side analysts play a role in debt contracting.

Analisis Kualitas Laba Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia

The firms tend to perform earning management, mainly due to there was an agency problem amongst the management (agent) and the owner (principal), in more specifically because the lack of corporate governance, manager’s bonus plan, decreasing of supervision, debt-covenant, and economic-meltdown condition. The earning management practice is potentially done by any firms included the sharia bank. The earning management practice will affect the firm’s earnings quality as represented in the financial report. Despite the accounting treatment of mudharabah-musyarakah financing uses cash-basis, the sharia bank may manipulate the earnings when they determine the profit from the investments which will be shared to both the bank and investor. The study aims to investigate the differences of earnings quality and examine the effect of mudharabah-musyarakah financing and leverage to earnings quality, within Bank Umum Syariah (BUS) and Unit Usaha Syariah (UUS) during economic meltdown period in Indonesia between 2014-2016. The results show that there are no significant differences in the earnings quality within sharia bank types during the observed period. Furthermore, the results show that the effect of mudharabah-musyarakah financing and leverage to earnings quality within sharia bank types are in significant within the same observed period.

Pengaruh Leverage, Likuiditas, Debt Covenant, Political Cost Dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Konservatisme Akuntansi (Pada Perusahaan Perbankan Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2017 – 2018)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Leverage, Likuiditas, Debt Covenant, Political Cost, dan Profitabilitas terhadap Konservatisme Akuntansi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan Perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2017-2018. Sampel dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling dan diperoleh 30 perusahaan yang di jadikan populasi didaptkan sampel yang diuji adalah 15 perusahaan yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi data panel dengan program EViews 9.0. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Debt Covenant mempengaruhi Konservatisme Akuntansi, Leverage, Likuiditas, Political Cost, Profitabilitas tidak mempengaruhi Konservatisme Akuntansi.

Pengaruh Debt Covenant, Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage, Terhadap Konservatisme Akuntansi

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Debt Convenant, Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage terhadap Konservatisme Akuntansi pada Sektor Consumer goods industri yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Periode waktu penelitian yang digunakan adalah 3 tahun yaitu periode 2017-2019. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Purposive sampling. Berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan diperoleh 15 perusahaan. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari situs Bursa Efek Indonesia. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regrensi data panel. Teknik analisis data menggunakan EViews 9.0. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyatakan. Debt Convenant dan Ukuran Perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap Konservatisme Akutansi. Sedangkan Leverage berpengaruh positif terhadap Konservatisme Akuntansi.

Pengaruh Leverage,Ukuran Perusahaan,Intentitas Modal, Debt Covenant, Dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Konservatisme Akutansi

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis: Pengaruh leverage, ukuran perusahaan, intentitas modal, debt covenant, dan profitabilitas terhadap konservatisme akutansi. Populasi yang diteliti yaitu perusahaan sektor infrastructure, utilities, dan transportasi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Periode 2017–2018. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik sampling dan diperoleh sampel sebanyak 15 perusahaan dengan 2 tahun pengamatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi non partisipan yang diambil dari data laporan tahunan dan laporan keuangan perusahaan. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel dengan program EViews 9. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu: Leverage, intentitas Modal, dan Profitabilitas terbukti tidak berpengaruh terhadap Konservatisme akutansi. Debt Covenant terbukti berpengaruh negative terhadap Konservatisme akutansi. Ukuran perusahaan terbukti berpengaruh positive terhadap Konservatisme Akutansi.