Oxidative Free Radicals and Other Species: Selective Messengers with a Reactive Capacity for Unselective Tissue Damage

Oxygen and nitrogen free radicals (RONS) form an exceptionally reactive molecular assembly within eukaryote cells. This perspective article gives a combined overview of different facets of research covering molecular reactivity, resultant tissue damage and final tissue outcomes as they relate to major disease. There is an emphasis on cardiovascular disease, as the damage processes are best liked to the pathology. The overriding importance of inflammation in driving damage across all tissues is highlighted. Brief coverage is also provided of measurement approaches, respectively for antioxidant status, using potentiometry, and voltammetry for selected target species. Whilst damage due to RONS is a common focus, the fundamental importance of RONS to biological signalling is also covered here as an indispensable basis for life. The article thus provides a global overview of this topic for anyone wishing to understand the current status across multiple fronts.

Optimization Study of New Type High-Capacity Synchronous Condenser based on Coupling of Electromagnetic and Temperature Field

In order to optimize electromagnetic structure of new type high-capacity synchronous condenser, increase reactive capacity, and improve the speed of dynamic response, the theoretical derivation of the effects on the main performance parameters of the synchronous condenser is carried out, also the influence of the structure size of the synchronous condenser on the transient characteristics is clarified. Changing the air gap length and improving the size of stator structure are proposed to optimize the performance of synchronous condenser. The electromagnetic calculation of the optimized synchronous condenser is carried out by using finite element analysis method, the mathematical relationship between length of air gap and reactive capacity is clarified and the relationship between size of stator slot and fast response characteristics is explicited too. The temperature field of the synchronous condenser under multiple working conditions is simulated. The simulation results show that the temperature distribution of the optimized synchronous condenser is reasonable, and it possess good effect of cooling. Also the overload capacity of the synchronous condenser is verified with the temperature field.

THE REACTIVE CAPACITY OF THE SOIL BASES OF GRAVITY-TYPE QUAY WALL

The results of studies of the reactive capacity of the soil base of a gravity- type quay-wall on the basis of the method developed for calculating the “structure - soil base” system are considered. The method proposed allows determining the reactive capacity of the soil base in conditions of mixed stress state model (limit and sublimit stress state of the soil base) under and around of the base of the foundation structure in a wide range of loads of lateral earth pressure. The transformation of limit and sublimit stress state zones of the soil base on the basis of numerical modeling is presented which shows an increase of the sizes of limit stress state and a decrease of the sizes of sublimit stress state.