Synthesis, Structure and Transport Properties of Novel Chlorine-Doped Perovskite Based on Ba2CaNbO5.5

The chlorine-doped complex oxide Ba2CaNbO5.475Cl0.05based on barium calcium niobate was synthesized using the solid state method. It was found that the introduction of chloride ions leads to the increase of the cell volume. Structure and electrical properties have been investigated. Electrical conductivities were measured by varying the temperature in dry (pH2O=3.5·10-5atm) and wet (pH2O=2·10-2atm) air. The composition Ba2CaNbO5.475Cl0.05is capable to dissociative dissolution of water vapor and can exhibit proton transport. Chlorine doping increases the conductivity of matrix compound Ba2CaNbO5.5, the difference between un-and chlorine-doped samples is up to one order of magnitude at low temperatures.

Effect of Sugar Palm Fiber Surface on Interfacial Bonding with Natural Sago Matrix

Palm fibers were immersed in sea water for 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks prior to application as reinforcement of green biocomposite. Instead of common resin matrix, natural sago starch was applied as the matrix compound. The immersion treatments had significantly affected fibers surface morphology and interfacial bonds of fiber and the matrix as observed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The quality of interfacial bonds became higher by additional duration of the sea water immersion. The best interlocking surfaces of fibers and matrix appeared in the composite with 4-week immersed fibers, indicated by disappearance of gaps between fiber and matrix. The morphology of fibers surface interlocking process was clearly seen during the duration of immersion.

Calculation of A Three-Dimensional Coordinates of A Manipulator End Effector in A Compound Frames

A theoretical and experimental study of measurement of three dimensional Cartesian coordinates of the end effecter of a robotic manipulator with three different frames each one known relative to the other was carried out in this research.The aim of this work is, first, to calculate three dimensional Cartesian coordinates of an end effecter tip which lies in a specific frame {C} with respect to another frame which represents the fixed base frame {A} passing through an intermediate frame {B} by using Matrix Compound Transformation Method i.e. theoretical approach, then followed by measuring the same coordinates by another two traditional procedures, they are: Z A Y A X A P P P , , o Self Coordinates Feeding. o Manual Alignment. And comparing the final obtained results (theoretical and experimental) with the standard one. The second step is checking repeatability for the above mentioned methods, by measuring the final tip coordinates for 18 times for each case. The final result shows that the Matrix Compound Transformation Method gives an accurate repeatability comparing with the others.

Development of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Conductive Polymer Composites for PEM Fuel Cells

Investigation of conductive polymer composites have been carried out using polypropylene (PP) and polyphenylene sulfonate (PPS) for matrix compound and graphite, carbon black and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) for fillers. The comparison of these matrix materials with respect to the resulting electrical conductivity were investigated in depth. The effect of quantity of nanotubes and their dispersion on electrical conductivity and formability was also investigated. It has been found that PPS composites show much higher conductivity, however the high temperature needed for forming, and high viscosity in case of high filler content (50 wt% <) make the processing difficult, therefore the injection molding of the resulting material is currently not possible. Furthermore in contradiction to the literature the addition of MWCNT did not raise the conductivity significantly, therefore the focus have been kept on filler content instead.

A supramolecular proposal of lignin structure and its relation with the wood properties

In spite of the great importance of cellulose the lignin is considered the second most abundant substance of the wood. However, little attention has been given it, mainly to wood properties. The lignin as well as other structural compounds (cellulose and hemicelluloses), has obviously an important role on the wood properties, probably due its composition and existent bonds. In general lignins have β-O-4 (Alkyl Aril Ether) as majoritary bond. This bond in a continued structure form big molecules with spiral conformation as virtual model. Based on this idea, lignins that have high/low β-O-4 content may have differentiated spiraled structures,suggesting different behaviors on the wood properties,which shows that the lignins (Guaicyl:Syringyl (GS)) of angiosperms, for example, which have higher β-O-4 content would present higher spiral conformation than gymnosperms lignins(HG). On the other hand HG lignins have chance of being more anchored on the matrix compound than GS lignins. In this context, the β-O-4 bonds of lignins possibly affect the wood properties, therefore, it is considered relevant for wood technology science discussion.