NGHIÊN CỨU DỰ ĐOÁN SỐ HỘ VÀ THỜI GIAN CHẤP NHẬN MÔ HÌNH TRỒNG CÂY HOA ATISO ĐỎ TẠI XÃ PHONG AN, HUYỆN PHONG ĐIỀN, TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ

Để áp dụng các kỹ thuật hay các mô hình sản xuất nông nghiệp mới, các nhà nghiên cứu thường thực hiện rất nhiều thử nghiệm sâu về kỹ thuật trước khi đưa vào áp dụng. Nhưng để đảm bảo tính khả thi khi áp dụng các kỹ thuật đó vào thực tế thì việc dự đoán bao nhiêu người áp dụng và khoảng bao lâu sau người dân sẽ chấp nhận các kỹ thuật đó là một vấn đề hết sức quan trọng. Do vậy nghiên cứu được tiến hành với mục đích áp dụng phương pháp ADOPT để xác định và dự đoán được số người và thời gian chấp nhận mô hình nông nghiệp trong trường hợp mô hình trồng hoa Atiso tại xã Phong An. Các phương pháp thu thập số liệu trong đề tài bao gồm: phỏng vấn hộ (n = 77), phỏng vấn sâu (n = 10), và thảo luận nhóm (n = 2) các hộ trồng cây hoa atiso đỏ. Số liệu nghiên cứu thu được từ quá trình điều tra được tổng hợp và xử lý bằng phần mềm Excel 2019 và phân tích ADOPT. Kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng sau thời gian 11,6 năm thì có tới 67% người chấp nhận hoàn toàn mô hình trồng cây hoa atiso đỏ. Để nâng cao số người và thời gian chấp nhận mô hình trồng cây hoa atiso đỏ của các nông hộ trên địa bàn xã, cần thực hiện đồng bộ các giải pháp về thu nhập, kỹ thuật, thị trường cũng như chính sách từ chính quyền địa phương. ABSTRACT In order to apply new techniques or models in agricultural production, researchers have conducted in-depth technical experiments before transferring them into practice. However, how to predict the number of households will apply and how long after that households will accept new agricultural practices is still a challenge. Therefore, to predict the number of households accepting and the time to transfer new agricultural practices in the long term, the ADOPT method was applied in red artichoke flower growing model. The research applied three main methods to collect data including household interview (n=77), in-depth interview (n=10), and group discussion (n=2) with red artichoke flowers planting farmers. The data from the survey was synthesized and processed by Excel software and ADOPT analysis. Research results showed that after a period of 11.6 years, up to 67% of people fully accepted the red artichoke flower model. In order to increase the number of households accepting and the time to transfer the red artichoke flower model of farmers in the commune, it is necessary to synchronously implement solutions to income, technology, markets as well as policies from the local government.

Mangrove Biophysical Condition and Community’s Socio-economic Profile as Managers of Mangrove Forest in Tagpait, Aborlan and Bacungan Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines

The mangrove forest in Tagpait, Aborlan, is being managed by the Indigenous Cultural Community (Tagbanua Tribe) through their organization, the Tagpait Coastal Development Association (TACDA). Bacungan Mangrove Eco-tourism Service Cooperative is managing the Bacungan mangrove forest. The area was engaged in tourism activity until now through paddle boating, floating restaurant, mangrove adventure. This study used the household interview to determine the socio-economic profile and quadrat to assess mangrove biophysical condition. Results show that Bacungan is more diverse, with a higher number of species present in the area with 13 mangrove species while eight in Tagpait. The most dominant mangrove species in Tagpait is Rhizophora apiculata (39%), while Rhizophora mucronata in Bacungan (22%). Most of the respondents in Tagpait are fishers, which about 20%, then 14% are involved in buy and sell of marine products, and 5% are engaged in the processing of marine products. In Bacungan, the majority are engaged in fishing livelihood (37%), 13% are involved in buy and sell of marine products, and 4% are engaged in the processing of marine products.

Estimation of Income Levels in Individual Buildings Using Satellite Imagery and Household Interview Survey Data

Leaving no one behind is a worldwide goal, but it is difficult to make policy to address this issue because we do not have a thorough knowledge of where poverty exists and in what forms due to lack of data, particularly in developing countries. Here, we show a novel method for estimating income levels by building. That is effective in places that are difficult to access. The combination of high-resolution satellite imagery and household interview survey data obtained by visiting households on the ground makes it possible to estimate income levels at a detailed scale for the first time. Using the results, we can determine the number and location of poor people at the local scale. We can also identify areas with particularly high concentrations of poor people. This information enables planning and policy making for more effective poverty reduction and disaster prevention measures tailored to local conditions.

Analysing the factor influencing travel pattern and mode choice based on household interview survey data: a case study of Dhaka city, Bangladesh

For transport planning and policy-making, visualising the relationship among attributes; gender, education, occupation, age with travel pattern and mode choice is important. Household Interview Survey (HIS) is one of the major inputs in transport study which contains information about travel and demographic characteristics. From the analysis of 28,235 households in Dhaka city, this study represents the social demographic characteristic of Dhaka city based on the household survey. It was found that 89.79% of dwellers make double trips in a day and the trip rate per trip maker is 2.16, where 14% of total trips are generated at morning peak time between 7 to 8 am. The bus is the most preferable mode share and its contribution is about 35%. The scenario changed in a multimodal trip case and walking was the domination mode share with about 45% of total trips. Vehicle ownership had a vital rule in particular mode choice, especially in car and motorcycle household ownership case. Significant impact on travel patterns and mode choice criteria was found with gender, education, occupation, age, household income, trip purpose and time and vehicle ownership, which can help to formulate the strategic plan to solve the transport-related problem in Dhaka.

Market Gardening and Poverty Reduction in Jakiri Subdivision North West Region Cameroon

Poverty reduction has been one of the main objectives of major international organisations like FAO, World Bank, UNICEF and governments’ especially those of Africa. This study contributes to the fight against poverty through the analysis of market gardening as a strategy to poverty reduction in the Jakiri municipality. Data were collected through household interview, focus group discussion, interview of personnel of the ministry of agriculture and rural development, councils, religious heads and local chiefs) and field observations. Data were analysed by descriptive statistics, correlation and regression. The findings revealed that 73% of the market gardeners in Jakiri subdivision did not attend secondary school, lack skills to compete for jobs in urban areas. Agriculture particularly market gardening was their major source of income generating activity as more than 75% of the household income comes from market gardening. Also, more than 80% of what is produced is sold. Moreover, 90% of the gardeners in Jakiri subdivision think that if government could help them improve on their productivity their livelihoods will improve and this will take them out of poverty. There are high expectations that the income and the number of market gardeners will rise over time and space. This can be seen by the number of farmers involved and their earning where more than 70% earn from 1,000,000FCFA and above per year, an average of 83,334FCFA and above per month. Targeted marketing development strategies need to be followed by market gardeners and various stakeholders in Jakiri to better exploit the economic potential of these crops and at the same time maintaining its contributions to the local crop diversity.

Assessing the current status of water sources for domestic and agricultural purposes in Ia Grai district, Gia Lai province

Ia Grai district is located in the remote area of Gia Lai province. The income mostly relies on agricultural activities. However, the water shortage for agriculture is an issue and the irrigation much relies on the seasonal rainfall. This study aimed to figure out the demand for water use and other sources of water for irrigation. Household interview, water quality testing and field survey were conducted at 3 communes: Ia Kha, Ia Hrung and Ia To due to their largest agricultural area. The results showed that surface water had good quality; groundwater was polluted by microorganism but in the acceptable levels. All the water indicators met the national standard for the domestic purpose (column A1) and for agricultural irrigation (QCVN 39:2011/BTNMT). Based on the current demand for water use, the amount of water needs in 2020 was estimated as well as the solutions for water management and protection was also proposed for Ia Grai district

Do Interviewers Moderate the Effect of Monetary Incentives on Response Rates in Household Interview Surveys?

As citizens around the world become ever more reluctant to respond to survey interview requests, incentives are playing an increasingly important role in maintaining response rates. In face-to-face surveys, interviewers are the key conduit of information about the existence and level of any incentive offered and, therefore, potentially moderate the effectiveness with which an incentive translates nonproductive addresses into interviews. Yet, while the existing literature on the effects of incentives on response rates is substantial, little is currently known about the role of interviewers in determining whether or not incentives are effective. In this article, we apply multilevel models to three different face-to-face interview surveys from the United Kingdom, which vary in their sample designs and incentive levels, to assess whether some interviewers are more successful than others in using incentives to leverage cooperation. Additionally, we link the response outcome data to measures of interviewer characteristics to investigate whether interviewer variability on this dimension is systematically related to level of experience and demographic characteristics. Our results show significant and substantial variability between interviewers in the effectiveness of monetary incentives on the probability of cooperation across all three surveys. However, none of the interviewer characteristics considered are significantly associated with more or less successful interviewers.

Impact of Built Environment on First- and Last-Mile Travel Mode Choice

The paper studies the impacts of built environment (BE) on the first- and last-mile travel modal choice. We select Singapore as a case study. The data used for this work is extracted from the first- and last-mile trips to mass rapid transit (MRT) stations in the Household Interview Travel Survey of Singapore in 2012 with nearly 24,000 samples. The BE indicators are quantified based on four “D” variables: Density, Diversity, Design, and Distance to transit. We also take into account sociodemographic and trip-specific variables. Mixed logit (ML) modeling frameworks are adopted to estimate the impact of BE and the heterogeneity of taste across the sample. Based on the availability of light rail transit (LRT) in different areas, two modeling structures are implemented with binary ML models for non-LRT areas where “walk” and “bus” are the available travel modes, and multinomial ML models for areas where LRT is an additional alternative. The modeling results shed light on the following findings: BE—especially distance to MRT station, transportation infrastructures, land-use mix, and socioeconomic activities—significantly influences the first- and last-mile travel behaviors. Those who live or work close to MRT stations and in an area with high socioeconomic activities and land-use mix may have stronger preferences to walk for the first- and last-mile trips. The impact of physical BE (i.e., distance, infrastructures) is relatively homogeneous among the sample, while the impact of socioeconomic BE factors (i.e., floor space density, entropy) tends to vary across the sample.

Impact of Climatic Variability on Sheep Husbandry Practices at Lamjung District

This study was done with 70 households of Uttarkanya and Bhujung VDC of Lamjung district to assess the impacts of climatic variability on sheep production and to document their adaptation practices to mitigate this variability. Household interview with structured-questionnaire were used to collect primary information, and secondary data was collected from District Livestock Service Office, Lamjung, Central Bureau of Statistics and Department of Hydrology and Meteorology. This study found that more than 80% of the farmer's perception about climatic parameters matched to those recorded by department of hydrology and meteorology. Similarly, the trend of sheep rearing in Lamjung district was found in decreasing whereas youths are least attracted to sheep farming, posing serious threat to the sustainability of sheep farming in the area. The study found that the climate change has affected sheep production and livelihood of farmers since many years. Analysis of climate data of Khudi region of Lamjung district showed increase in maximum temperature from 28.32°C to 28.63°C with an average change of 0.002°C per year and increase in minimum temperature from 15.03°C to 16.38°C with an average change of 0.015°C per year in past 20 years, resulting in hotter summer and warmer winter. Similarly, rainfall has shown decreasing trend associated with erratic patterns. Most important risk factor affecting sheep farming was increase in occurrence of different types of diseases due to climate change which was significantly different (P<0.01). Farmers perceived decreased availability of grasses and pasture species in most cases in comparison to 10 years ago which was statistically significant (P<0.01). Farmers have started adaptation measures that include shifting grazing zones to increase in access to pasture; preserve the forages and grasses for dry season; using regular vaccination and deworming against diseases and parasites; and constructed dipping tank to remove external parasites. These activities have helped sheep farming to adapt to climatic variability.

ENDURING CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOOD INSECURITY THROUGH CHARCOAL PRODUCTION: A POVERTY COPING STRATEGY OF RELUCTANTINDIGENOUS WOMEN IN THE PHILIPPINES

This case study looked into the Philippines’ indigenous women’s understanding of charcoal production and its connection to climate change. This specifically determined their level of knowledge of and attitude towards climate change and perception on the effects of climate change on health, livelihood, and environment. The study employed triangulation method consisting of household interview, field observation, and key informant interview. Twenty-four women belonging to Hanunuo and Ratagnon Mangyan tribes served as participants of the study. They were fairly young, married, lowly educated, and had bigger households. Their primary sources of income included slash-and-burn farming and charcoal making. Their monthly family income fell below the poverty threshold. The women were reluctant charcoal makers pushed to the limits due to lack of economic options. They had “very high” knowledge about climate change but had “neutral” attitude towards it. They agreed charcoal production contributes to climate change. They already felt the phenomenon’s manifest effects on their health, livelihood, and environment. However, they needed to endure these while they cope with poverty and food insecurity. They lamented charcoal production is their only available option for their survival as upland farming is no longer viable. They hoped they can avail of livelihood options, which do not entail extraction of natural resources.