Biodiversity of clavarioid fungi in the tundra zone of Yakutia

Totally 27 species of 8 genera of clavarioid fungi have been found in the tundra zone of Yakutia. Typhula pertenius is recorded for the first time for Eurasia and the Arctic. The role of Typhula-group is higher in comparison with the western districts, as well as the role of litter-inhabiting species.

Spatial structure of clavarioid fungi biota in tundra zone of Taimyr Peninsula

25 species of 8 genera of clavarioid fungi were found in the Taimyr tundras. The taxonomical structure of the studied biota is close to adjacent Yamal-Gydan and Arctic Jakutian biotas of clavarioid fungi. A group of active species was defined (Multiclavula corynoides, Typhula crassipes, T. culmigena, T. lutescens, T. variabilis). Spatial structure analysis has shown a significant difference between western and eastern Taimyr as well as between “high Arctic” (Arctic deserts and northern Arctic tundras) and “low Arctic” (southern Arctic tundras, northern and southern Hypoarctic tundras) biotas of clavarioid fungi.

Clavarioid fungi of the tundra and forest-tundra zones of Kola Peninsula (Murmansk Region)

Fifty six species of clavarioid fungi from 14 genera are noted in the high-latitude areas of Kola Peninsula, among them 55 species being noted in forest-tundra and 30 in southern tundra. Two species (Mucronella flava and Ramaria testaceoflava) are recorded in the Russian forest-tundra zone for the first time. Like in all high-altitude areas of Eurasia, the greatest species richness is distinguished for the genus Typhula (19 species), and 3 largest genera Typhula, Ramaria and Clavaria make in total 53.6% of all revealed taxa. The species/genus ratio in forest-tundra is 4.0, and in southern tundra 3.7. The levels of species richness, diversity (Shannon's index) and domination (Simpson's index) are similar to those for other European high-latitude areas, however somewhat differ from similar parameters for Polar Urals and Yamal Peninsula. Saprotrophic species on grass litter Typhula variabilis, T. lutescens and T. sclerotioides are the most abundant. In comparison with other high-latitude complexes, the role of soil-inhabiting saprotrophs (Clavulina cinerea, Clavaria argillacea, C. falcata) is significant on Kola Peninsula. Wood-decaying species are noted only in forest-tundra.

The clavariod fungi of the Yamal Peninsula

51 species of clavarioid fungi (Basidiomycota) belonging to 14 genera, 7 families and 4 orders are reported from arctic and subarctic areas of the Yamal Рeninsula. The highest level of taxonomic diversity and richness (51 species) is recorded in the foresttundra, but highest level of dominance is characteristic of the arctic tundras having the lowest species diversity. The family Typhulaceae tends to decrease in species number from north to south of the peninsula, in contrast to the family Gomphaceae increasing in species number toward forest-tundra. All clavarioid fungi of Yamal are widely distributed, i. e. cosmopolitan, Eurasian or Holarctic. 14% species are common (more than 8 records), and 54% are rare (1–3 records). Saprotrophic fungi are dominating, especially growing on soil, rotten litter, dead herbs, leaves and wood. Only one species is a parasite on alive grasses.