PATTERNS OF ADDUCTOR HIATUS IN NIGERIANS: A CADAVERIC STUDY

Introduction: Adductor hiatus (AH), an osseo- muscular or osseo- fibrous space between adductor magnus muscle or aponeurosis and the shaft of femur has been classified into four different types. The interest in the hiatus is due to the large vascular structures that traverses the hiatus which is of concern to the surgeons. Materials and Methods: A total of 61 embalmed cadavers (102 limbs), 35 female lower limbs and 67 male lower limbs were dissected to show AH. Results: The bridging fibrous which shows the highest frequency was observed in 44 limbs. It exhibited incidence of 43.1% prevalence of AH shape on both sexes. The incidence in male was 27.5% while in female it was 15.7%. The bridging muscular type, the least occurrence shows incidence of 17.6% in both sexes; in males, 13.7% and in females, 3.9%. Oval fibrous type shows a prevalence of 20.5% in both sexes, 12.7% in males and 7.8% in females. Oval muscular type shows 18.6% incidence in both sexes. In males, 11.8% and in females, 6.9%. The distance from the apex of AH to the adductor tubercle was measured and shows a range of 5.0cm-17.0cm with a mean distance of 10.3cm. Conclusion: The result of this study showed that bridging fibrous AH type exhibited the highest prevalence depicting variation from another racial study. Therefore to adopt an appropriate surgical intervention in a situation of adductor canal outlet syndrome, the surgeon has to be aware of the population variations. KEY WORDS: Adductor hiatus, Adductor magnus, femoropopliteal compression, Nigerians.

Theory on the Ground: Ethnography, Religio-Racial Study, and the Spiritual Work of Building Otherwise

“We should be able to live and thrive, not just survive.” With these words, the Black feminist leaders of Women With A Vision (WWAV) in New Orleans refuse the religious and racist terror of post-Hurricane Katrina recovery—and theorize beyond the lethal logics that set their organizing home ablaze in a still-uninvestigated arson attack. This article approaches WWAV’s gauntlet as “theory on the ground”: theory developed in the midst of lived struggle, which carries forward the enduring resistant visions of generations past, and grows them in and through the geographies of the present, towards new and more livable futures. Drawing inspiration from Judith Weisenfeld’s study of religio-racial movements in New World A-Coming, this ethnography moves on the ground and in step with my comrades at WWAV to show how the spiritual work of building otherwise can transform both what we write (the content and theory of our scholarship) and how we write it (the methods and ethics of its undertaking). Centering WWAV’s world-building theory, learning from it, moving with it: this is essential decolonial academic praxis, which comes from and flows through a commitment to ending white supremacy and being an accomplice to Black liberation. In offering “theory on the ground” as both a model and an intervention, this article shows how ethnographers of religion, as well as those who use our tools and our texts, might study differently to build our field and our world otherwise.

Representing Cape Town on the eve of apartheid

ABSTRACTThis article attempts a detailed social portrait of Cape Town on the eve of apartheid. In the process it provides a rare cross-racial study of a twentieth-century South African city. The first section reveals a complex place already distinguished by considerable segregation and predictable social inequalities, both between and within racial and ethnic categories. Yet such findings are at odds with popular memories of a golden age – marked by tolerance, greater cohesion and security. So the second section explores and explains the differences. It finds that memories cannot simply be dismissed as myths.

Nasalance and Nasal Area Values: Cross-Racial Study

Nasometry and nasal cross-sectional area data were obtained from 80 normal male and female speakers (40 African-Americans and 40 white Americans) all of whom were over the age of 18 and spoke the Mid-Atlantic dialect of American English. The nasalance scores for readings of the Zoo Passage did not differ significantly between the groups. However, nasalance scores for readings of the Nasal Sentences were found to be significantly higher among the white speakers. The pressure-flow method was used to obtain nasal cross-sectional area values. There were no racial differences in nasal cross-sectional area. The Nasal Sentences scores were not highly correlated with nasal cross-sectional area. The clinical significance of these findings is discussed.