The farmer empowerment to reduce the chemical risk poisoning through liquid organic fertilizers usage

The high frequency of chemicals use such as fertilizers and pesticides in intercropping planting patterns giving farmers a high risk of poisoning exposure. This devotion applies the appropriate technology in organic ponds to produce Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POC). The use of POC is horticultural farmers empowered which is useful for improving poor organic soil conditions and producing organic products with the object of chili and vegetable crops. POC applied to soil and plants can increase agricultural growth and production, thus providing a strong basis for farmers to reduce chemical use. The results of the treatment were observed through plant growth and production, accompanied by intensive assistance, as innovations applied in this PPM activity. The resulting output is the effectiveness of POC which is applied to chili and vegetable crops. Empowerment activities show a significant development in which soil conditions become more fertile, leaf thickness increases and becomes greener, plant stems are stronger, pest and disease attacks can be suppressed. This community dedication is very beneficial for the farming community and helps in creating healthy farmers and the environment.

A fossil species of the enigmatic early polypod fern genus Cystodium (Cystodiaceae) in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar

The monospecific fern genus Cystodium (Cystodiaceae; Polypodiales) occurs exclusively in the tropical forests of the Malay Archipelago, the Admiralty Islands, the Louisiade Archipelago, and the Solomon Islands. Divergence time estimates suggest that the genus originated in the Mesozoic; however, fossil evidence to validate this suggestion has been lacking. Amber from Myanmar (Burmese amber) is an important source of new information on the diversity of vascular cryptogams in the Cretaceous. This paper describes the fossil taxon Cystodium sorbifolioides nov. sp. based on a fragment of a fertile leaf preserved in Burmese amber that represents the first fossil evidence of the family Cystodiaceae. Cystodium sorbifolioides is used to obtain a minimum age estimate for the Cystodiaceae and the closely related, monogeneric Lonchitidaceae and Lindsaeaceae. The fossil strengthens the hypothesis that the forest ecosystems of Malesia and Melanesia represent refugia for many tropical plant lineages that originated in the Cretaceous.