STRESS AND MONOTONY AS FACTORS OF LOCOMOTIVE CREWS’ SHIFT WORK

The article presents the results of a psychophysiological examination of drivers of passenger and export traffic, working in the day and night shifts, respectively. The dynamics of performing psychophysiological tests (changes in the reaction rate, the number of errors, perception of time intervals, etc.) after day and night shifts was revealed, and differences in the subjective perception of the specifics of work in the daytime and at night were also noted. Working the night shift requires the driver to mobilize psychophysiological resources aimed at maintaining active wakefulness and fighting monotony. Day trips are perceived to be more stressful due to more input and traffic. Target: The study of the functional state dynamics of train drivers working without an assistant during day and night trips with an increase in the duration of working hours up to 8 hours in passenger traffic and up to 12 - in export traffic. Methods: 1. Express test of the functional state; 2. «Sense of time» test; 3. Stress resistance test; 4. Survey «Well-being. Activity, mood (SAN)»; 5. Survey «Diagnostics of states of reduced performance (DORS)». Results: The dynamics of the speed and stability of the visual-motor reaction, the accuracy of the perception of time intervals, as well as the subjective perception of the features of day and night shifts by train drivers themselves, makes it possible to distinguish differences in the specifics of shift work: in the daytime it is distinguished by greater intensity, tension, which is reflected in the number of erroneous actions during testing after a day's ride on the simulator, and in the subjective experience of stress noted by the drivers. The need to work at night requires considerable efforts from train drivers to mobilize, which is manifested during a psychophysiological examination before the night shift, however, forced wakefulness during night work leads to a state of monotony among train drivers.

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS OF PERSONNEL OF NUCLEAR ENERGY USE FACILITIES

The relationship between the level of health of an employee and his professional reliability is currently obvious and does not require additional evidence. The implementation of measures aimed at reducing the risks of developing emergency situations due to the human factor at nuclear energy use facilities is an important element of the radiation protection system. In order to achieve the above-mentioned goals, in accordance with Federal Law № 170-FZ of 21.11.1995, the performance of certain types of work in the field of nuclear energy use requires special permits from Rostechnadzor. A prerequisite for obtaining such a permit for a specialist is the absence of psychophysiological contraindications based on the results of a psychophysiological examination. This study analyzes the results of psychophysiological examinations of employees of nuclear energy use facilities conducted by specialists of the SRC-FMBC in 2020.

THE PRECULIARITIES OF CONDUCTING OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL EXPERTISE OF PERSONALITY

The article focuses on the problem of appointment and psychophysiological examination of personality. Theoretical approaches to stress resistance as a psychological category and one of the components of expert research are analyzed. Stress resistance is considered as a dynamic, integrative property of personality, as a result of interaction with a stressor, which includes the process of self-regulation, cognitive representation, objective characterization of the situation and requirements for personality. It is formed in the process of personality confrontation with stressors that are repeated in different situations and depend on understanding the life situation, adequate judgments in its interpretation, rational assessment and ability to predict their actions, the ability to choose adequate means of coping with stress. The article considers the level of stress resistance of the individual. The main methods of research of the level of stress resistance and determination of professional suitability are analyzed. The sample, stages of the research are characterized and the obtained results of the study of stress resistance in adolescence are analyzed. The necessity of psychological support to increase the level of personality resilience is discussed. In the article notes that the stress resistance of students is determined by the presence of stressors in the student environment, such as exam situations, periods of social adaptation, the need for personal self-determination in future professional activities. A powerful flow of information in the learning process of students increases the load on the cognitive sphere of personality, which leads to functional changes in the emotional, behavioral and personal spheres. High internal stress can cause complex physiological changes in a young person's body, and strong emotional stress leads to stress.

Analysis of the Results of Psychophysiological Examinations of Personnel of Nuclear Facilities

The link between the health level of an employee and his professional reliability is currently obvious and does not require additional proof. The implementation of measures aimed at reducing the risks of developing emergency situations due to the fault of the human factor at nuclear facilities is an important element of the radiation protection system. In order to achieve the above goals of the organization in accordance with Federal Law No. 170-FZ of 21.11.1995, the performance of certain types of work in the field of atomic energy use requires special permits from Rostechnadzor. A prerequisite for obtaining such a permit for a specialist is the absence of psychophysiological contraindications based on the results of a psychophysiological examination. In this study, the analysis of the results of psychophysiological examinations (hereinafter referred to as PPhE) of employees of atomic energy facilities, carried out by specialists of the A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre in 2020.

Medical Examinations and Psychophysiological Tests of Nuclear Industry Personnel as a Tool for Prevention of Radiation Accidents

It is noted that at present the connection between the level of health of the worker and his professional reliability is obvious and does not require additional proof. To prevent radiation accidents caused by the human factor, medical examinations and psychophysiological tests of the personnel of enterprises operating nuclear facilities are carried out. Legislative and normative legal acts regulating the procedure and rules for these medical examinations and inspections are reviewed. The authors present an algorithm for making decisions on the necessity of organizing various types of mandatory medical examinations and psychophysiological examinations of employees of organizations operating nuclear facilities. The experience of specialists of the Federal Medical Biophysical Center named after A.I. Burnazyan of Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia shows that up to 25% of the total number of employees who underwent psychophysiological examination have inadmissible deviations (psychophysiological contraindications). This is an indication for rehabilitation measures. After completion of the rehabilitation course repeated examinations are carried out, according to the results of which 92.3% of workers have positive dynamics and return to professional activity.

Concept of medical psychophysiological examination of personnel of nuclear facilities

Ensuring safety of the facilities employing radiation and nuclear hazardous technologies is a priority task for medical organizations serving these facilities. To perform safely at their jobs, it is important for the personnel of nuclear facilities (NF) to have their central nervous systems functioning flawlessly. Certain categories of nuclear industry workers are required to undergo compulsory annual medical examinations (ME) and psychophysiological examinations. This study aimed to develop a concept of psychophysiological examination of NF personnel allowing to assess the central nervous system's functional status. The study involved three groups of nuclear corporation employees (male) counting 720, 364 and 24 people aged from 46 ± 5.3 to 49 ± 6.1 years. The report describes the suggested concept of psychophysiological examination of the specified category of workers, discusses goals, objectives and the procedure of such an examination at all stages of compulsory ME, covers the developed hardware and software sets. The proposed methodological approach is evaluated through consideration of the results of psychophysiological examination of the specified category of workers.

ELECTROMYOGRAPHY OF MUSCULOFACIAL REGION MUSCLES AND RESULTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS IN WORKERS WITH HAZARDOUS WORKING CONDITIONS

According to the data of targeted examinations of workers with hazardous working conditions, in particular, in the presence of a radiation factor, the dental status in terms of the prevalence and intensity of major dental diseases does not differ significantly from those working in normal working conditions. At the same time, during interviews and clinical examination, workers in hazardous industries often reveal hypertonicity of the muscles of the maxillofacial region, which is especially noticeable in people with long work experience. One of the reasons for the hypertonicity of the muscles of the maxillofacial region can be chronic stressful loads associated with hazardous working conditions. However, this section of functional dentistry has not been sufficiently studied in relation to workers in hazardous industries. It is required to compare the results of electromyography of the muscles of the maxillofacial region and the data of psychological examination of workers. The aim of the study is to compare the psychological characteristics and the results of electromyography of the muscles of the maxillofacial region in workers with hazardous working conditions and normal working conditions in the 45-55 age group. Material and Methods: A comparative analysis of electromyography data of masticatory and temporal muscles, "Hamburg testing" of the masticatory apparatus and psychological characteristics was carried out in 50 workers of hazardous industries (radiation production factor) and in 53 workers in normal working conditions. Results of the study: the study revealed differences in the results of psychophysiological examination, "Hamburg testing" of the chewing apparatus and electromyography of the muscles of the maxillofacial region in workers with hazardous working conditions and working in normal conditions. Employees of hazardous industries, according to psychological examination, are subject to chronic stress, which leads to a distortion of the tone of the muscles of the maxillofacial region, which, in turn, causes more frequent detection of dysfunction of the masticatory apparatus in workers. Conclusion: the results of the study should be taken into account in the complex dental rehabilitation of workers in hazardous industries, including measures aimed at normalizing the muscle tone of the maxillofacial region.

THE USE OF A POLYGRAPH DURING THE INVESTIGATION OF MURDERS INVOLVING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

The article considers the application of a polygraph (lie detector) psychophysiological examination while the investigation of criminal offenses, namely murders committed with domestic violence. The current legislation of Ukraine, which regulates the application scope of examination with the use of a polygraph, its problems and prospects for development is analyzed. The article purpose is to analyze the essence of polygraph (lie detector) psychophysiological examination, establish the principles of its application, the basic requirements for persons in respect of whom a polygrtaph is used, identify the role of psychophysiological examination in the investigation of murders involving domestic violence. When conducting scientific research, the dialectical method was used, that is all the phenomena connected with the use of a polygraph in their interconnection, interdependence and the device historical development were analyzed. The operation of the device with the help of which a polygraph psychophysiological examination is carried out were described using the methods of analysis and synthesis. Besides, the methods of modeling, deduction, observation, etc. Were used in the preparation of scientific paper content. Having analyzed the practice of using a polygraph in the world in many countries, we can admit that polygraph psychophysiological examination is regulated by a specific law, or by specific legal norms or regulatory legal acts, is appointed and conducted in case of inconsistencies while criminal offenses investigation, namely: when there are direct contradictions between the testimony of the investigation participants; when there is a contradiction between the testimony of the interrogated persons and other evidence in the criminal case; when there is no evidence in the case. Ukraine is only at the stage of legalizing the use of polygraphs during criminal offenses investigation. This is evidenced by the bills, in particular: 3611 dated 10.12.2015 “On supplementing the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine with provisions on the use of a polygraph (lie detector)” 4094 dated 17.02.2016 “On protection of the persons rights undergoing polygraph test (examination)” 4094-1 dated 04.03.2016 “On polygraph activity” The use of a polygraph while psychophysiological examination in the activities of Ukrainian law enforcement agencies is not actively applied. This situation arises due to subjective and objective reasons, one of which is gaps in the legislation; but we are on the way to regulating such relations. In particular, the practice of developed countries such as the United States, China, Japan and others reflects the effeciency of this device use. Summarizing the above, it can be concluded that the use of a polygraph while criminal proceedings, in particular in the investigation of murders involving domestic violence, possesses the principles of practical application. The appointment of a polygraph psychophysiological examination creates appropriate conditions for an investigator work in order to conduct a qualified, impartial investigation of a murder involving domestic violence.

Actual issues of medical examinations of workers in organizations using sources of ionizing radiation

Medical examinations for employees of organizations using sources of ionizing radiation, have a number of features, including the need for a «specialized» medical examination with mandatory psychophysiological examination.