Public’s Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Related to Hypertension

Aim: The present study aimed to describe the public’s knowledge and beliefs on hypertension and its treatment in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This cross-sectional study included a survey was used to collect demographic data of the respondents and the response to the main questions of the survey that were close-ended questions. Results: Most of the respondents agreed that aging (81.17), family history (74.06%), smoking (69.46%), eating fatty foods (80.33), and overweight (83.26%) are risk factors of developing hypertension. Additionally, more than 90% agreed that regular physical exercise reduces hypertension and 89.54% of them agreed that more salt consumption increases blood pressure. Conclusion: The respondents had a good knowledge about hypertension and how to prevent it. But still more health education about hypertension prevention and blood pressure control was needed.

Peningkatan Pengetahuan Dan Keterampilan Terkait Pencegahan Dan Pengelolaan Kasus Hipertensi Di Kelurahan Tanjung Harapan Kotabumi

ABSTRAK Prevalensi hipertensi mengalami peningkatan dari tahun 2013 yaitu sebanyak 25,8% menjadi 34,1% pada tahun 2018. Dari seluruh prevalensi hipertensi sebesar 34,1% pada tahun 2018, hanya sebesar 8,8% pasien yang terdiagnosis hipertensi dengan 13,3% pasien tidak minum obat serta 32,3% pasien tidak rutin minum obat. Tujuan setelah dilakukan penyuluhan diharapkan masyarakat dapat mengetahui pencegahan dan pengelolaan hipertensi khususnya masyarakat di Kelurahan Tanjung Harapan Kotabumi. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan penyuluhan mengenai hipertensi menggunakan media pamflet dan leaflet. Setelah dilakukan tanya jawab dua arah dengan masyarakat Kelurahan Tanjung Harapan Kotabumi terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan mengenai pencegahan dan pengelolaan hipertensi. Kata Kunci: Hipertensi, Pencegahan, Pengelolaan ABSTRACT The prevalence of hypertension has increased from 2013 which was 25.8% to 34.1% in 2018. Of the total hypertension prevalence of 34.1% in 2018, only 8.8% of patients were diagnosed with hypertension with 13.3% patients do not take medication and 32.3% of patients do not take medication regularly. The goal after the counseling is expected that the community can know the prevention and management of hypertension, especially the community in Tanjung Harapan Village, Kotabumi. The activity was carried out with counseling about hypertension using pamphlets and leaflets as media. After a two-way question and answer session with the people of Tanjung Harapan Kotabumi Village, there was an increase in knowledge about the prevention and management of hypertension. Keywords: Hypertension, Prevention, Management

Changes of Multisectoral Collaboration and Service Delivery in Hypertension Prevention and Control before and after the 2009 New Healthcare Reform in China: An Interrupted Time-Series Study

Objectives. There is a need to assess the 2009 new healthcare reform in China on hypertension prevention. It helps to control from the perspectives of multisectoral participation, government responsibility assignment, performance assessment, and service delivery. Design. Interrupted time-series study. Setting. 31 provinces in mainland China. Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures. Based on the content analysis of publicly available policy documents from 31 provinces regarding hypertension prevention and control, we analyzed the changes brought by the 2009 new healthcare reform through four quantitative indicators, including multisector participation (MP), main department responsibility coverage (MDRC), primary department assessment indicator coverage (MDAIC), and service type coverage (STC). We compared the changing trends of four indicators before and after 2009. Results. Nationally, MP, MDRC, and STC grew rapidly and increased to 88.9%, 96.4%, and 77.8%, respectively, in 2017, higher than MDAIC (36.9%). This growth was accelerated by the new healthcare reform, with the highest acceleration in MP (β3 = 6.345, p < 0.001 ), followed by MDRC (β3 = 3.829, p < 0.01 ), STC (β3 = 3.799, p < 0.001 ), and MDAIC (β3 = 3.585, p < 0.001 ). The MP and MDRC trend changes were higher in the central and western regions than in the east after the reform. Conclusions. Our research showed that the new healthcare reform had a positive effect in promoting multisectoral participation in preventing and controlling hypertension in China, improving the responsibility mechanism, and expanding the types of services provided. The government should lead the coordination and implementation of multidepartmental responsibilities and mobilize nonhealth departments to continuously participate in the prevention and control of chronic diseases by improving incentive and evaluation mechanisms.

Challenges of Hypertension Prevention in the Social Determinants of Stress: A Qualitative Study

Background: Human life is tied with the stress caused by economic, political, social, and cultural problems, which may lead to physical and mental diseases. In such stressful conditions, people make lifestyle changes that put them at high risk for developing hypertension. Objectives: Accordingly, this study investigated the prevention and management of hypertension as a major public health challenge in Iran. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers, health policymakers, social medicine specialists, and faculty members. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic content analysis. The MAXQDA18 software was applied to facilitate the organization of codes and themes. Results: Interviews were conducted with 17 participants. The analyses resulted in five themes including, educational policies, cultural policies, urban transport policies, organizational policies, and economic policies. A total of 13 subthemes were also extracted from the data. Conclusion: Findings have indicated the stressors factors, stemming from macro-policies and mismanagement of government. To reduce the burden of hypertension and improve people's living conditions, health-oriented policies should be designed and implemented in all sectors.

PENGARUH METODE EKSTRAKSI TERHADAP KADAR TOTAL FENOLIK, KADAR TOTAL FLAVONOID DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK DAUN MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia L.)

ABSTRACT Excessive Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) can cause hypertension. Prevention of the risk of hypertension is consume an antioxidant. Noni (Morinda citrifolia L). is a plant that empirically proven to lower blood pressure and has antioxidant activity. Antihypertensive activity of noni leaves is influenced by phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The extraction method affects the levels of compound in extracts. The aims of study is determine the effect of the extraction method on the total phenolic level, total flavonoid level and antioxidant activity of noni leaf extract. The extraction methods are maceration, Microwave Assisted Extraction and Soxhlet. The results showed that the different extraction methods affected the total phenol level, total flavonoid level and antioxidant activity of the noni leaf extract. The Soxlet method provides the highest total phenolic level, total flavonoid level and antioxidant activity than other extraction methods. Keywords: Noni leaf extract, extraction method, total phenolic level, total flavonoid level and antioxidant activity

EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERVENTION IN PRACTICE OF HYPERTENSION PREVENTION AMONG CHAM PEOPLE IN PHAN THANH COMMUNE, BAC BINH DISTRICT, BINH THUAN PROVINCE

Mục tiêu nhằm đánh giá hiệu quả sau can thiệp về thực hành phòng chống tăng huyết áp ở đồng bàoChăm. Thiết kế nghiên cứu can thiệp cộng đồng có đối chứng được tiến hành trên 400 đồng bàoChăm trước và sau can thiệp ở mỗi nhóm từ 18 tuổi trở lên từ tháng 01/2018 đến tháng 12/2018 tại xãPhan Thanh, huyện Bắc Bình (xã can thiệp) và xã Phú Lạc, huyện Tuy Phong (xã đối chứng). Kết quảcho thấy, tỷ lệ đồng bào Chăm có thực hành đúng về không hút thuốc lá (tăng từ 72,2% lên 92,0%),không lạm dụng rượu/bia (tăng từ 89,2% lên 93,7%), không ăn mặn (tăng từ 74,2% lên 92,0%), ăn ítmỡ động vật (tăng từ 75,2% lên 91,2%), ăn đủ rau quả (tăng từ 46,7% lên 61,8%), có hoạt động thểlực (tăng từ 47,7% lên 77,3%) và thực hành chung đúng (tăng từ 24,7% lên 58,0%) ở xã can thiệpvào thời điểm SCT đều cao hơn so với TCT (p<0,05). Phân tích khác biệt kép (DID), cải thiện thựchành phòng chống tăng huyết áp của đồng bào Chăm có liên quan với giới tính, nhóm tuổi, nhu cầuđược cung cấp thông tin về tăng huyết áp và trình độ học vấn. Thực hành về phòng chống tăng huyếtáp của đồng bào Chăm còn hạn chế tại thời điểm TCT nhưng đã được cải thiện đáng kể SCT. Kết quảnghiên cứu cho thấy vai trò, tầm quan trọng và sự cần thiết của việc thường xuyên giáo dục sức khỏenâng cao kiến thức, thực hành phòng chống tăng huyết áp cho đồng bào Chăm.

Long-term body mass trajectories and hypertension by sex among Chinese adults: a 24-year open cohort study

Evidence was limited on trajectory of body mass index (BMI) through adulthood and its association with hypertension. We aimed to evaluate their association by sex in large-scale study. Data were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 1991 to 2015. Latent class trajectory analysis (LCTA) was used to capture BMI change trajectories. Hazard risks (HRs) were estimated from Cox proportion hazard regression. Among 14,262 participants (mean age, 38.8; 47.8% men), 5138 hypertension occurred (2687 men and 2451 women) occurred during a mean follow-up 9.6 years. Four body mass trajectory groups were identified as BMI loss, stable, moderate and substantial gain. Appropriately half of participants (48.0%) followed 1 of the 2 BMI gain trajectories, where BMI increased at least 3 kg/m2 overtime. Compared with participants with stable BMI, those gaining BMI substantially had higher risk of hypertension by 65% (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.45–1.86) in male and 83% (HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.58–2.12) in female. The HRs in BMI loss patterns were 0.74 (0.62–0.89) in men and 0.87 (0.75–1.00) in women. Our findings imply that majority of Chinese adults transited up to a higher BMI level during follow-up. Avoiding excessive weight gain and maintaining stable weight might be important for hypertension prevention.

RESULTS OF THE EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION ABOUT HYPERTENSION PREVENTION AMONG CHAM PEOPLE IN PHAN THANH COMMUNE, BAC BINH DISTRICT, BINH THUAN PROVINCE

Mục tiêu nhằm đánh giá hiệu quả sau can thiệp về kiến thức phòng chống tăng huyết áp ở đồng bàoChăm. Thiết kế nghiên cứu can thiệp cộng đồng có đối chứng được tiến hành trên hành trên 400 đồngbào Chăm trước và sau can thiệp ở mỗi nhóm từ 18 tuổi trở lên từ tháng 01/2018 đến tháng 12/2018tại xã Phan Thanh, huyện Bắc Bình (xã can thiệp) và xã Phú Lạc, huyện Tuy Phong (xã đối chứng).Kết quả cho thấy tỷ lệ đồng bào Chăm có kiến thức đúng về chỉ số tăng huyết áp (tăng từ 56,5% lên68,8%), triệu chứng bệnh (tăng từ 60,3% lên 71,3%), biến chứng bệnh (tăng từ 63,3% lên 75,5%),yếu tố nguy cơ (tăng từ 42,5% lên 57,8%), biện pháp điều trị (tăng từ 44,0% lên 59,0%), biện phápphòng bệnh (tăng từ 49,7% lên 61,0%), kiến thức chung đúng (tăng từ 29,7% lên 47,3%) ở xã canthiệp vào thời điểm sau can thiệp (SCT) đều cao hơn so với trước can thiệp (TCT) (p<0,05). Phântích khác biệt kép (DID), cải thiện kiến thức phòng chống tăng huyết áp của đồng bào Chăm có liênquan với nhóm tuổi. Kiến thức về phòng chống tăng huyết áp của đồng bào Chăm còn hạn chế tạithời điểm TCT nhưng đã được cải thiện đáng kể SCT. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy vai trò, tầm quantrọng và sự cần thiết của việc thường xuyên giáo dục sức khỏe nâng cao kiến thức, thực hành vềphòng chống tăng huyết áp cho đồng bào Chăm.