Analisa Perbedaan Tipe Post, Periode Post dan Promosi terhadap Online Engagement di Instagram Little Stu

This study aims to analyze differences in post types, post periods, and promotions on online engagement on Little Stu's Instagram account. The design in this study is a descriptive research design with historical data types carried out during the period July 2020 - September 2020. The data collection method is from the insta story screen shot uploaded by Little Stu's Instagram account then recorded manually in a periodic time. The population in this study were Little Stu's Instagram account followers who saw the insta story as a viewer and gave comments on the insta story's content. The number of insta story samples selected was 906 posts. The data analysis technique used in this study is the Kruskal-Wallis test or commonly referred to as the non-parametric one-way ANOVA test where the Kruskal-Wallis test is a ranking-based test that can be used to see any statistically significant differences between two or more groups that have characteristics continuous or ordinal processed using SPSS. The results showed that there were significant differences between the types of posts on the number of viewers and comments, there was a significant difference between the period of posts on the number of viewers and comments, there was no significant difference between promotions on the number of viewers but there was a significant difference between promotions and the number of comments. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan tipe post, periode post, dan promosi terhadap online engagement di akun Instagram Little Stu. Desain dalam penelitian ini adalah desain penelitian deskriptif dengan jenis data historis yang dilakukan selama periode Juli 2020 – September 2020. Cara pengumpulan datanya adalah dari screen shot insta story yang diunggah akun Instagram Little Stu kemudian dicatat secara manual dalam waktu berkala. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah followers akun Instagram Little Stu yang melihat insta story sebagai viewer dan memberikan komentar atas konten insta story tersebut. Jumlah sampel insta story yang dipilih adalah sebanyak 906 post. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji Kruskal -Wallis atau biasa disebut dengan uji ANOVA satu arah non parametrik dimana uji Kruskal-Wallis adalah uji berbasis peringkat yang dapat digunakan untuk melihat adanya perbedaan signifikan secara statistik antara dua kelompok atau lebih yang memiliki sifat kontinu atau ordinal yang diolah menggunakan SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara tipe post terhadap jumlah viewer dan komentar, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara periode post terhadap jumlah viewer dan komentasr, tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara promosi terhadap jumlah viewer tetapi ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara promosi terhadap jumlah komentar.

A developmental study of expressing simultaneous events in film-based narratives

This study examines the expression of simultaneity in the film-based oral narratives of 100 English monolinguals in the following three age groups: preschoolers (4–6 years), school-aged children (7–10 years), and adults (19–48 years). Participants told a story of what happened in the film, in an off-line task, to an interviewer who had not seen the film. The film was rich in simultaneous events at various sites through the episodic structure. Focus was on quantitative and qualitative aspects of simultaneity, from the perspective of forms and functions. Quantitative results showed very little simultaneity at preschool and almost similar expression at school age and adulthood. Qualitative analyses revealed that perceptual, semantic, and discourse factors affected the profiles of development. Preschool children expressed local simultaneity between situations in adjacent clauses, more frequently between unbounded situations that are implicitly simultaneous. Besides, they tended to express more simultaneity in scenes that were perceived in a single screen shot. From age 7, children became more able to express simultaneity across larger stretches of the text, covering a wider scope on situations on parallel timelines. Top-down knowledge of narrative organization guided older narrators to take temporal perspectives that go beyond the semantic properties of events, giving way to discourse-motivated simultaneity where causality plays a substantial role. Language forms to express simultaneity showed a long developmental route – through verb semantic and tense-aspect alternations as the widest, basic usage to specific lexical forms like conjunctions (e.g. while), adverbs (e.g. meanwhile), and more sophisticated syntactic configurations. The form-function analyses enabled an exploration of the cognitive and language abilities in the production of simultaneous relations under the constraints of narrative discourse organization. The study reinforced the results of previous developmental studies of temporality, shedding further light on the relatively unexplored topic of simultaneity expression.

Sex Differences in Spatial Memory: Comparison of Three Tasks Using the Same Virtual Context

Spatial memory has been studied through different instruments and tools with different modalities of administration. The cognitive load varies depending on the measure used and it should be taken into account to correctly interpret results. The aim of this research was to analyze how men and women perform three different spatial memory tasks with the same spatial context but with different cognitive demands. A total of 287 undergraduate students from the University of Almeria (Spain) and the University of L’Aquila (Italy) participated in the study. They were divided into three groups balanced by sex according to the spatial memory test they performed: the Walking Space Boxes Room Task (WSBRT), the Almeria Spatial Memory Recognition Test (ASMRT) and the Non-Walking Space Boxes Room Task (NWSBRT). Time spent and number of errors/correct answers were registered for analysis. In relation to the WSBRT and the ASMRT, men were faster and reached the optimal level of performance before women. In the three tests, familiarity with the spatial context helped to reduce the number of errors, regardless of the level of difficulty. In conclusion, sex differences were determined by the familiarity with the spatial context, the difficulty level of the task, the active or passive role of the participant and the amount of visual information provided in each screen shot.

Editor's Introduction

I am pleased to introduce the penultimate entry in our series of four issues featuring “Screen Shots” curated by a multidisciplinary group of guest editors. Each of these special sections has taken up a vital line of inquiry. The first focused on “Screening Indigenous Bodies” (4.1) and was followed by our issue on “Screening Surveillance” (4.2). In the current “Screen Shot,” edited by Wibke Straube of the Centre for Gender Studies, Karlstad University, our authors address the critically relevant topic of “Screening Non-Binary and Trans Bodies.” As Dr. Straube has offered introductory remarks on this section, I will limit my comments to the three general articles in this issue.

Practicing Art in Revolutionary Times

The article highlights the dialogue that took place in 2011–13 between the street and cyberspace and the government and the revolutionaries during the first wave of the Egyptian revolution. In this personal account of the Egyptian uprising, the author describes the unfolding political and social events and climate during the revolution, highlighting key factions at play and taking into account the reactions of protestors online and on the street. Examples of how the revolution was driven online by archival research, music videos, comedians, memes, graffiti, and symbols of martyrdom are paralleled with an account of the protests on the street and events that were unfolding at the time. Describing the environment of censorship and strategies used by the government to block dissent, the author provides stories of how different groups who were part of the revolution retaliated. The article can be considered a screen shot of a revolution that inspired the world but met an expected end.

Negotiating Ubiquitous Surveillance

Surveillance now is ubiquitous—each of us is decomposed along multiple axes into discrete data points, and then recomposed on screens and in combinatory algorithms that organize our life chances. Such surveillance is directly screened in popular culture, however, quite rarely. It is hard to see ubiquitous surveillance, and the harder something powerful is to see, the more powerful it tends to be. The essays of this Screen Shot offer perspective on various concrete instances of contemporary surveillance, both ubiquitous and granular, and in so doing offer tools for negotiating its suffusive presence in and organization of our lives.

Unsettling Experience, Perception, and Display

This Screen Shot section includes three texts—an interview and two articles—that, together, occasion an unsettling movement in the development of an Indigenous phenomenology staged upon Screen Bodies’ concern for the critical tryptic experience, perception, and display. Such phenomenology, moreover, takes shape in the spirit of an enduring and persistent Indigenous cosmopolitanism, one organized by an appeal to a pan-tribal solidarity that is also not shy about drawing from efficacious sources of critique internal to European critical traditions. Together, these texts—and the source materials that inspire them—build rich ecumenical perspectives in the service of decolonial justice and pedagogy. And while the texts included here are composed in English, each draws from and references Indigenous languages, articulating one kind of Indigenous cosmopolitanism that makes use of English as a kind of “trade language.” To stage an Indigenous phenomenology by appeal to an Indigenous cosmopolitanism, in our contemporary political moment, thus calls for critical attention attuned to the perspectives, traditions, and imaginations of what Tlingit poet and author Ernestine Hayes describes as “Indigenous intellectual authority.” In this spirit, Indigenous cosmopolitanism occasions a decolonial-critical cosmopolitanism rooted not in the secular, Habermasian cosmopolitanism of Europe but in the modalities of consciousness, the literary genius and acumen, of Indigenous oral literary traditions. In the context of such a cosmopolitanism in which everyone is variably situated, across the spectrum that divides descendants of perpetrators and victims of settler colonialism, the critical imperative becomes a decolonial one, and non-Indigenous readers are called to shed the epistemological, ontological, and political priorities that broadly characterize European analytical and continental traditions, whatever their internal debates may be. Such an imperative forces phenomenological attention not only on the macrological instantiations of settler-colonial power but also against the “micrological textures of power” that ultimately shape the inner contours of self and, thus, what becomes phenomenologically legible to individuals situated in their cultural contexts.

Bilingual Research Article Template (Primary = Portuguese)

MS Word template file for articles with bilingual titles and captions, and an extended abstract in the second language.This template can be used for the following types of articles.Research articlesResearch articles should present original research on completed projects or significant discoveries and must present clear conclusions.Word limit: 6000 wordsShort reportsShort reports should present project descriptions. They may be either general reports on completed projects or significant updates for on-going projects. They do not necessarily need to present conclusions or conclusions could be preliminary.Word limit: 1000 wordsMethodology demonstrationsThese articles should explain a new or modified methodology tested by the authors. Authors are encouraged to use a variety of media types (e.g. video, screen shot images, 3D images) in addition to a short written text. Methodology demonstrations do not necessarily need to present conclusions but opinions on the method including its benefits as well as short-comings should be discussed.Word limit: 2000 words Summary, synthesis, and annotated bibliography articlesThese articles present an overview of a particular topic or sub-field with a connection to lithics research. This may be lithics research in a particular country or region. It may also be a historical overview of a topic (e.g. historical perspective of a prehistoric technology, or historical overview of a particular theory), or it may be a summary of knowledge about a lithic material itself or a scientific method. In general, these articles should include an overview of the history of the topic (e.g. history of lithics research in the region) as well as an overview of the current research being done on the topic. They should contain a large bibliography so that readers can use the articles as a starting point for finding references. The author should indicate recommended references.Recommended word limit: 4000 words. General descriptionThe following are the general modifications for bilingual Portuguese articles. In addition to being in Portuguese, the other main difference from regular articles is that there is an extended abstract in English (in addition to the regular abstract in Portuguese) which is longer than normal. The extended abstracts help readers determine the content of the article if they have limited Portuguese reading skills and thereby encourage the dissemination of the research internationally.Bilingual articles:1. Articles have an extended abstract English (see below).2. The title is translated into English.3. Keywords are in both languages.4. If the institution of the authors has an official English name, this can be used along with the English title and abstract.5. Figure and table captions appear in both Portuguese and English. Figures which contain text which would be different in English (e.g. place names or object labels) will have either an explanation or translation in the English caption, or will provide a glossary at the end of the article. Alternatively, text on the figure may be in both languages if it does not detract from the image.6. As in regular articles, bibliographic references which are not in English will include a translation of the title into English. They may also have a second translation of the title into Portuguese. Additionally, references which are in English will include a translation of the title into Portuguese.Extended abstracts:7. 500-1000 words.8. Follow the same format as the article but have no headings.9. Must mention methodology, overview of results, and conclusions.10. Appear at the end of the article (along with the English title and keywords).

Bilingual Research Article Template (Primary = Spanish)

MS Word template file for articles with bilingual titles and captions, and an extended abstract in the second language.This template can be used for the following types of articles.Research articlesResearch articles should present original research on completed projects or significant discoveries and must present clear conclusions.Word limit: 6000 wordsShort reportsShort reports should present project descriptions. They may be either general reports on completed projects or significant updates for on-going projects. They do not necessarily need to present conclusions or conclusions could be preliminary.Word limit: 1000 wordsMethodology demonstrationsThese articles should explain a new or modified methodology tested by the authors. Authors are encouraged to use a variety of media types (e.g. video, screen shot images, 3D images) in addition to a short written text. Methodology demonstrations do not necessarily need to present conclusions but opinions on the method including its benefits as well as short-comings should be discussed.Word limit: 2000 words Summary, synthesis, and annotated bibliography articlesThese articles present an overview of a particular topic or sub-field with a connection to lithics research. This may be lithics research in a particular country or region. It may also be a historical overview of a topic (e.g. historical perspective of a prehistoric technology, or historical overview of a particular theory), or it may be a summary of knowledge about a lithic material itself or a scientific method. In general, these articles should include an overview of the history of the topic (e.g. history of lithics research in the region) as well as an overview of the current research being done on the topic. They should contain a large bibliography so that readers can use the articles as a starting point for finding references. The author should indicate recommended references.Recommended word limit: 4000 words. General descriptionThe following are the general modifications for bilingual Spanish articles. In addition to being in Spanish, the other main difference from regular articles is that there is an extended abstract in English (in addition to the regular abstract in Spanish) which is longer than normal. The extended abstracts help readers determine the content of the article if they have limited Spanish reading skills and thereby encourage the dissemination of the research internationally.Bilingual articles:1. Articles have an extended abstract English (see below).2. The title is translated into English.3. Keywords are in both languages.4. If the institution of the authors has an official English name, this can be used along with the English title and abstract.5. Figure and table captions appear in both Spanish and English. Figures which contain text which would be different in English (e.g. place names or object labels) will have either an explanation or translation in the English caption, or will provide a glossary at the end of the article. Alternatively, text on the figure may be in both languages if it does not detract from the image.6. As in regular articles, bibliographic references which are not in English will include a translation of the title into English. They may also have a second translation of the title into Spanish. Additionally, references which are in English will include a translation of the title into Spanish.Extended abstracts:7. 500-1000 words.8. Follow the same format as the article but have no headings.9. Must mention methodology, overview of results, and conclusions.10. Appear at the end of the article (along with the English title and keywords).