Evaluasi Implementasi Etika Proteksi Radiasi Dalam Pemanfaatan Iptek Nuklir di Indonesia

The Indonesia Government Regulation No. 33 year 2007 concerning Safety of Ionizing Radiation and Safety of Radioactive Sources, which contains the ethical basis for radiation protection nuclear applications in Indonesia, is currently in the process of being revised. Radiation safety principles that will apply are recommended and set internationally from the previous IAEA BSS-115 recommendation to its revision with IAEA GSR Part 3. The principle is strengthened from three principles into ten principles stated in the IAEA Safety Fundamental 1 document by maintaining the previous three principles. These three principles are the principle of justification of decisions to change the radiation exposure situation, applying the dose limit value for individual protection from possible unfairness of the optimization process, and the optimization principle of protection and safety. The principles are compared with the prevailing ethical views and discussed to reduce the gaps in understanding in their application. This principle is discussed in all radiation exposure situations, namely planned exposure, emergency exposure, and existing exposure concluded that by adopting an applied ethical basis in the nuclear field that agreed upon at the global level after being adequately understood and accepted at the national level, regulations would be obtained that were fair, applicable, and respected when moderating conflicts of understanding and interests of the various parties involved in implementing them on radiation safety for the actual dose and potential dose towards effective regulatory while strengthening the regulatory (nuclear) culture in Indonesia.

Optimization principle and application of forced ventilation in railway tunnels based on improved TOPSIS theory and CFD simulations

The optimization of forced ventilation in tunnel construction becomes the key problem to improve the construction environment and energy saving. The influence of main factors on the flow field is considered for orthogonal experimental design and optimization, which includes the distance between the air duct outlet and the tunnel face, the bench length, the bench height, and the position of the air duct. Thus, the TOPSIS theory was adopted for the optimization method and improvement, and a series of CFD simulations were applied to analyze optimal solutions. The results show that the improved TOPSIS theory with entropy weight method and analytic hierarchy process could effectively solve the optimization problem of forced ventilation in tunnel construction. Based on this optimization principle, a case was analyzed, and the optimized ventilation parameters are obtained to improve ventilation efficiency and save energy. In the optimization scheme, the flow field in the tunnel is stable and the wind is strong enough to ventilate. Besides, there is none huge vortex, which might disrupt the stable flow field and reduce energy efficiency. It could improve the ventilation efficiency and stability, save time and cost, and bring considerable economic and social benefits to the tunnel construction.

The application of the optimization principle in the Italian and European context

The transposition of Directive 2013/59/Euratom has projected Italian radiation protection into the new safety culture, in which optimization is a multidisciplinary process pursuing a suitable balance among different risks. The fundamental tools in the application of the optimization principle are source-related dose constraints, introduced by the Directive to define the range of options to be considered. This article analyzes some critical issues in their use when managing radiation protection at work in any planned, existing or emergency exposure situation, which involves a risk from exposure to ionizing radiation. Simplified procedures and customized guidelines are outlined from international organizations, such as IAEA, OECD/NEA, and the European ALARA Network (EAN), paving the way to a correct implementation of the optimization principle.

Optimization Principle and Application of Excavation Method for Large Section Metro Station

Developing countries are still in the stage of infrastructure construction. For the reasons of design and economy, it is inevitable to encounter large section tunnel when building subway and expressway in urban construction. Taking the tunnel project of Central Park East Station of Chongqing Metro Line 10 as the case background, the cross-section optimization and process optimization of each section in the construction of extra-large cross-section tunnel are studied. Based on the principle of analogy analysis, the optimization model of the super-large section tunnel is constructed from five aspects: horizontal stratification optimization, horizontal block optimization, plane partition optimization, longitudinal section optimization and three-dimensional block optimization. Finally, a better excavation scheme than the original design is obtained by using the plane optimization model. Therefore, it can be used as a reference for similar projects to optimize tunnel construction methods.

Two Stage Optimization Models of the NCSRPE of Programs from the Perspective of Work

Non-commercial resources provided by employers (NCRPE) are the imperative factor affecting the progress of engineering projects. However, the NCRPE with limited supply ability is rarely considered in the schedule optimization models in previous studies from the perspective of work. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the non-commercial single resource provided by employers (NCSRPE), the optimization principle, characteristics, and tasks. With the initial network, this paper researches the optimization model of the NCSRPE to minimize the supply capacity of the NCSRPE before the implementation and to reduce the actual demand of the NCSRPE to a level slightly below the supply capacity of the production system. NCSRPE optimization and re-optimization models are built based on this, and the Hybrid Particle Swarm Algorithm (HPSA) is used to solve the problem. The results show that the two models can effectively solve the optimization problem of program planning and adjustment under multiple independent stakeholders. Finally, resource balance before the implementation and the re-optimization of resource cutting during the implementation are carried out for artificial aggregate in Program X of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) based on the HPSA. A reasonable and practical program planning and adjustment within different stakeholders can be obtained.

Study on Reasonable Injection-Production Parameters of Water-Flooding Reservoir: A Case Study of Daqing Oilfield

This paper, by conducting comprehensive analysis on water-flooding reservoir, intensively studied and discussed the characteristics of geological development, determined the evaluation indexes of development effect, carried out research from five steps, the first is the introduction part, it conducted indepth study and discussion from research background, research significance, literature review, and research methods four aspects. The second outlined the related theory from the optimization principle and mechanism of injection-production parameters, and the distribution mechanism of remaining oil two aspects. The third analyzed the current situation of reasonable injection-production of water-flooding reservoirs in Daqing Oilfield from reservoir characteristics and reservoir deposition. The fourth evaluated the water-flooding development effect from combined water cut, changing conditions of production and predicted recovery ratio. The fifth intensively studied the reasonable injection-production parameters of water- flooding reservoirs in Daqing oilfield from design of separated layer water injection plan, maintaining level reservoir formation pressure, and reasonable plan of injection-production ratio and oil recovery rate three aspects, and provides theoretical guidance for later targeted excavation of water-flooding reservoirs.