Risk factors for early use of e-cigarettes and alcohol: Dimensions and profiles of temperament

Adolescent e-cigarette use has been labeled an epidemic and alcohol use during this developmental period is associated with deleterious outcomes. Though specific temperamental dimensions have been shown to predict substance use, profiles of temperament have rarely been examined as predictors. This study examines dimensions and profiles of adolescent temperament as predictors of early use of e-cigarettes and alcohol. The sample was comprised of adolescent (62.07% female, 87.59% White, 82.76% Hispanic/Latinx)/caregiver dyads (N = 146) who completed the first two timepoints (M age at second timepoint = 16.16, SD = 0.68) of a longitudinal adolescent substance use study. Models showed parent-reported effortful control predicted protection against adolescent use of e-cigarettes, whereas adolescent report of effortful control predicted protection against alcohol use. Though dissimilar in temperamental pattern, three profiles emerged from both parent- and adolescent-report-based latent profile analysis models. Adolescents characterized by parents as displaying a Resilient profile had greater odds of e-cigarette use than those characterized by a Reserved profile, whereas adolescents who self-characterized as Mixed-type had markedly greater odds of alcohol use than those who self-characterized as Resilient. Utilization of temperamental profiles may aid in identification of particularly vulnerable subgroups of adolescents who may benefit from relevant preventative programing.

Eumycetoma Osteomyelitis Calcaneus in Adolescent; report of case and literature review

Background Mycetoma is the most common neglected disease in humans. It is a chronic, progressive, and destructive disease primarily caused by fungi or bacteria characterized by formation of dark pale grains commonly involve skin, soft tissue and rarely bone. Case presentation A 19 year old male patient with chronic right ankle pain, swelling and abscess formation for more than 1 year, patient was treated repeatedly with incision and drainage without any success. No X-ray, biopsy or swab for culture and sensitivity had been considered through the course of presentation. Patient was referred to Omdurman hospital where osteomyelitis secondary euomycetoma infection has been confirmed based on radiological and pathological assessment. Patient was treated surgically with aggressive debridement and bone curettage plus postoperative Itraconazole for 1 year. Conclusion Clinicians must consider osteomyelitis as important differential diagnosis during initial assessment Eumycetoma infection in adults. Aggressive bone curettage followed by regular X-ray follow up can be limb saving procedure in such cases.

Rossolimo–Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome in a 12-year-old adolescent: report of a rare case

Rossolimo–Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome is quite rare in children and adolescents 3–4 to 12–16 years of age. It most commonly occurs as a monosymptom in the form of macrocheilia. The paper reports the causes of the disease, as well as its possible association with herpes simplex virus and staphylococcal infection.

Using the 11-item Version of the RCADS to Identify Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Adolescents

The purpose of this study was to identify items from the Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale – RCADS-C/P that provided a brief, reliable and valid screen for anxiety and/or depressive disorders in adolescents. In addition, we examined whether adding items assessing suicidal ideation (Moods and Feelings Questionnaire – MFQ- C/P) and symptom impact and duration (items adapted from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire – SDQ) improved the identification of adolescents with anxiety and/or depressive disorders. We compared two samples of adolescents and their parents – a community sample, recruited through secondary schools in England (n = 214) and a clinic-referred sample, who met diagnostic criteria for anxiety and/or depressive disorder and were recruited through a university-based research clinic (n = 246). Participants completed the RCADS-C/P with additional symptom impact and duration items, and the MFQ-C/P. Using ROC curve analyses, we identified a set of 11 RCADS-C/P items (6 addressing anxiety and 5 depression symptoms) for adolescent- and parent-report. This set of 11 symptom items achieved sensitivity/specificity values > .75, which were comparable to corresponding values for the RCADS-47-C/P. Combining adolescent and parent-report improved the identification of anxiety/depression in adolescents compared to using adolescent-report alone. Finally, adding two symptom impact items further improved the sensitivity/specificity of the 11 symptom items, whereas adding suicidal ideation items did not. The 11 RCADS items accurately discriminated between the community and clinic-referred sample with anxiety and/or depressive disorders and have the potential to quickly and accurately identify adolescents with these disorders in community settings.

Eumycetoma Osteomyelitis Calcaneus in Adolescent; Report of Case and Review in Literature.

Background: Mycetoma is the most common deep mycosis in humans. It is a chronic, progressive, and destructive disease primarily caused by actinomycetes (98%). It involves the skin, soft tissues and occasionally bone, central nervous system as well as internal organs, and characterized by formation of black grains and poor response to treatment. Case presentation: We present a case report about 19 year old male patient with annoying Right ankle pain and swelling for more than 1 year. Diagnosed initially as abscess and drainage was done 8 months ago without any improvement. No X-ray, biopsy or swab for culture and sensitivity done at time of first presentation. On his current presentation at Omdurman hospital mycetoma foot with osteomyelitis was diagnosed based on radiological and pathological assessment. Patient treated with aggressive debridement and bone curettage plus postoperative Itraconazole for 1 year. Conclusion: Surgical Debridement with aggressive bone curettage followed by regular follow up and X-ray can improve the prognosis and achieve good surgical outcome with very low risk of recurrence.

Acne Vulgaris Mimicking Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus in an Adolescent: Report of a Rare Case

Acne vulgaris is a chronic and self-limiting disorder of the pilosebaceous unit which is primarily seen in adolescents. Acne vulgaris presents as polymorphic lesions, consisting of comedones, papules, pustules, cysts, nodules, scarring, and dyspigmentation. Acneiform presentation of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is extremely rare. The presentation of CLE is notoriously diverse and often mimics a broad range of unrelated skin disorders. We present a case by referring to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); our patient’s conditions did not meet any of the clinical criteria of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) for SLE. Subsequent to thorough history-taking, physical examination, and laboratory evaluations, the diagnosis of acne vulgaris was established, and a diagnosis of CLE was excluded. As acneiform presentation of CLE is rare, we here present a case which resembled both acne vulgaris and CLE. We describe our experience in establishing the diagnosis of severe acne vulgaris accompanied by scars in a 12-year-old boy with a malar rash and scars on his frontal and malar area who had initially been misdiagnosed as having CLE. This unusual case highlights the broad spectrum of adolescent acne and the importance of clinical identification of the disease so that unnecessary workups might be avoided.

Using a brief 11-item version of the RCADS to identify anxiety and depressive disorders in adolescents

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify items from the Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale – RCADS-C/P that provided a brief, reliable and valid screen for anxiety and/or depressive disorders in adolescents. In addition, we examined whether adding items assessing suicidal ideation (Moods and Feelings Questionnaire – MFQ-C/P) and symptom impact and duration (items adapted from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire – SDQ) improved the identification of adolescents with anxiety and/or depressive disorders. Methods: We compared two samples of adolescents and their parents – a community sample, recruited through secondary schools in England (n = 214) and a clinic-referred sample, who met diagnostic criteria for anxiety and/or depressive disorder and were recruited through a university-based research clinic (n = 246). Participants completed the RCADS-C/P with additional symptom impact and duration items, and the MFQ-C/P.Results: Using ROC curve analyses, we identified a set of 11 RCADS-C/P items (6 addressing anxiety and 5 addressing depression symptoms) for adolescent- and parent-report. This set of 11 symptom items achieved sensitivity/specificity values > .75, which were comparable to corresponding values for the original RCADS-C/P. Combining adolescent and parent-report improved the identification of anxiety/depression in adolescents compared to using adolescent-report alone. Finally, adding two symptom impact items further improved the sensitivity/specificity of the 11 symptom items, whereas adding suicidal ideation items did not.Conclusions: The 11 RCADS items accurately discriminated between the community and the clinic-referred sample with anxiety and/or depressive disorders and have the potential to quickly and accurately identify adolescents with these disorders in community settings.

An Assessment of Digital Media-related Admissions in Psychiatrically Hospitalized Adolescents

Background: Prevalent adolescent digital media use has brought clinical attention to its potential associated risks. While excessive digital media use has been connected to adolescent difficulties with mood and impulsivity, no study has examined digital media’s role in precipitating adolescent psychiatric admissions. Objective: Our study aims were to identify and characterize digital media-related admissions in a sample of psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents, and to recognize unique patterns of digital media use within this sample. We hypothesized that adolescents with digital mediarelated admissions would endorse higher amounts of digital media use and problematic online behaviors. Methods: We administered a cross-sectional survey of psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents between 2012 and 2016. Admissions were considered related to digital media use either by adolescent report or documentation in the medical record. Unadjusted comparisons were used to examine relationships between digital media-related psychiatric admissions, online behaviors and suicide-related risk factors. Results: 68 of 218 participants (31.2%) had digital media-related admissions. The most frequent cause of digital media-related admission was cyberbullying (31.9%). Teens with digital- media related admissions were significantly more likely to sext, use social media, and be cyberbullied; these adolescents were also at increased risk of suicide planning and hopelessness. Conclusion: Efforts should be made by mental health clinicians to identify and address online relational conflict, as well as to screen for cyberbullying and sexting. Clinicians should consider that adolescents with digital media-related presentations may be at elevated risk of self-harm, with higher rates of suicide planning and hopelessness compared to hospitalized peers with admissions unrelated to digital media.

Parental involvement in the learning of adolescents with and without ADHD

This study examined parental involvement in adolescents' learning of parents of 108 adolescents 13- to 18-years of age (54 mothers of adolescents with ADHD, 44 mothers of adolescents without ADHD; 42 fathers of adolescents with ADHD and 35 fathers of adolescents without ADHD). Compared to mothers and fathers of adolescents without ADHD, both mothers and fathers of adolescents with ADHD reported lower self-efficacy in their ability to help their teens on the Parent Involvement Project Questionnaire-Modified (PIPQ-M). On the Parental Support for Learning Scale (PSLS), mothers of adolescents with ADHD perceived themselves as being less supportive and having fewer aspirations regarding their adolescents' future, compared with mothers of adolescents without ADHD. There were no differences between parents of adolescents with and without ADHD in any other aspects of involvement beliefs, experiences, and behaviors according to parent and adolescent report. Implications for school psychology practice are discussed.