Production cross-section calculations of 111In via proton and alpha-induced nuclear reactions

[Formula: see text], a known gamma emitter, is used for many medical purposes such as imaging of myocardial metastases. It can be produced by using different nuclear reactions. In this study, the reactions of [Formula: see text]Ag([Formula: see text]2n)[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text](p,[Formula: see text]n)[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text](p,[Formula: see text]2n)[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text](p,[Formula: see text]3n)[Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text](p,[Formula: see text]4n)[Formula: see text], which are the production routes of [Formula: see text], were investigated. Production cross-section calculations were performed by using equilibrium and pre-equilibrium models of TALYS 1.95 and EMPIRE 3.2 nuclear reaction codes. Hauser–Feshbach Model was appointed in both codes for calculations of equilibrium approximations. Exciton and Hybrid Monte Carlo Simulation (HMS) models were used in the EMPIRE 3.2, whereas Two-Component Exciton and Geometry Dependent Hybrid Model, which is implemented to TALYS code, has been used in the TALYS 1.95 for pre-equilibrium reactions. Also, a weighting matrix of the nuclear models was obtained by using statistical variance analysis. The optimum beam energy to obtain [Formula: see text] has been determined by using the results obtained from this weighting matrix.

On the behavior of cross-sections of charged particle-induced reactions of 181Ta target

The production of nuclear energy from fusion reaction with no CO2 emission is one of the most attractive sources for the future. The unprecedented physical and mechanical properties for structural materials are very important in the nuclear fusion reactor design. So, tantalum material is a valuable candidate for plasma-facing materials in the fusion devices. In this paper, nuclear excitation functions for the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] reactions are obtained using the nuclear codes TALYS 1.8 and ALICE/ASH. The contribution of pre-equilibrium and equilibrium processes in these reactions is investigated. In the calculations, the Weisskopf–Ewing and Hauser–Feshbach formalisms for the equilibrium particle emission, and the two-component exciton, hybrid and geometry-dependent hybrid formalisms for the pre-equilibrium particle emission are used. Hence, the cross-sections calculated are compared with the measured values. It is observed that the cross-section results of the geometry-dependent hybrid model match fairly well with the experimental measurements.

A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF EQUILIBRIUM AND PRE-EQUILIBRIUM (p, n) REACTION MECHANISMS CROSS-SECTIONS AT INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES FOR 25 < A < 240 TARGET NUCLEI

In this present study, by using equilibrium and pre-equilibrium reaction mechanisms, the (p, n) cross-section values for some target (A = 25–240) nuclei were investigated in a range of 10–40 MeV incident energy. The excitation functions for pre-equilibrium calculations were newly calculated by using hybrid model, geometry dependent hybrid model, full-exciton model, and cascade exciton model. The reaction equilibrium component was calculated with a traditional compound nucleus model developed by Weisskopf–Ewing. Calculation results were compared with the available excitation functions measurements in literature.

PRE-EQUILIBRIUM EMISSION IN DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTION CALCULATIONS AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA FOR 232Th

In this study, neutron-emission spectra produced by (n,xn) reactions on nuclei 232 Th have been calculated. Angle-integrated cross-sections in neutron induced reactions on targets 232 Th have been calculated at the bombarding energies from 2 MeV to 18 MeV. We have investigated multiple pre-equilibrium matrix element constant from internal transition for 232 Th (n,xn) neutron emission spectra. In the calculations, the geometry dependent hybrid model and the cascade exciton model including the effects of pre-equilibrium have been used. Pre-equilibrium direct effects have been examined by using full exciton model. In addition, we have described how multiple pre-equilibrium emissions can be included in the Feshbach–Kerman–Koonin (FKK) fully quantum-mechanical theory. By analyzing (n,xn) reaction on 232 Th , with the incident energy from 2 MeV to 18 MeV, the importance of multiple pre-equilibrium emission can be seen clearly. All calculated results have been compared with experimental data. The obtained results have been discussed and compared with the available experimental data and found agreement with each other.

EXCITATION FUNCTION STUDIES FOR THE ALPHA INDUCED REACTIONS IN INDIUM

Excitation functions of the reactions (α, n ), (α, 2n ), (α, 3n ), (α, 4n ), (α, pn ), (α, 2p ) for 115 In and (α, n ), (α, 2n ) for 113 In have been measured up to 50 MeV bombarding energy using stacked foil activation technique. A stack of the target foils was irradiated at the Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Calcutta. The α-particle flux was monitored by charge collection method using Faraday Cup kept just behind the targets. Cross sections were measured at ten α-particle energies. The experimental data were compared with the theoretical predictions using ALICE/LIVERMORE-82 Code based on the geometry dependent hybrid model of Blann. The best consequence was obtained for exciton number n0 = 4 with configuration (2n + 2p + 0h).

Preequilibrium emission of multiparticles in α-induced reactions with 55Mn nucleus

α-induced reactions on the target element Mn were investigated from 7 to 60 MeV, using the stacked-foil activation technique and the Ge(Li) γ-ray spectroscopy method. Six excitation functions for the reaction residues 58Co, 57Co, 56Co, 55Co, 54Mn, and 52gMn were measured, of which 55Mn (α,α3n) 52gMn was measured for the first time. The experimental data were compared with calculations considering equilibrium as well as preequilibrium reactions according to the geometry-dependent hybrid model of Blann (see Phys. Rev. Lett. 27, 337 (1971); 27, 700E (1971); 27, 1550E (1971)). The initial exciton number, n0 = 4, with different configurations was tested. It was found that the configuration (2n + 2p + oh) appears to give a good fit to the experimental data.