End Point Rate Tool for QGIS (EPR4Q): Validation Using DSAS and AMBUR

This paper presents the validation of the End Point Rate (EPR) tool for QGIS (EPR4Q), a tool built-in QGIS graphical modeler for calculating the shoreline change with the end point rate method. The EPR4Q tries to fill the gaps in user-friendly and free open-source tools for shoreline analysis in a geographic information system environment since the most used software—Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS)—although being a free extension, it is created for commercial software. Additionally, the best free, open-source option to calculate EPR is called Analyzing Moving Boundaries Using R (AMBUR); since it is a robust and powerful tool, the complexity can restrict the accessibility and simple usage. The validation methodology consists of applying the EPR4Q, DSAS, and AMBUR with different types of shorelines found in nature, extracted from the US Geological Survey Open-File. The obtained results of each tool were compared with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The validation results indicate that the EPR4Q tool acquired high correlation values with DSAS and AMBUR, reaching a coefficient of 0.98 to 1.00 on linear, extensive, and non-extensive shorelines, proving that the EPR4Q tool is ready to be freely used by the academic, scientific, engineering, and coastal managers communities worldwide.

End Point Rate Tool for QGIS (EPR4Q): Validation Using DSAS and AMBUR

This paper presents the validation of the End Point Rate (EPR) tool for QGIS (EPR4Q), a tool built-in QGIS Graphical Modeler to calculate the shoreline change by End Point Rate method. The EPR4Q tries to fill the gap of user-friendly and free open-source tool for shoreline analysis in Geographic Information System environment, since the most used software - Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) - although is a free extension, is suited for commercial software. Besides, the best free open-source option to calculate EPR called Analyzing Moving Boundaries Using R (AMBUR), since it is a robust and powerful tool, the complexity and heavy processes can restrict the accessibility and simple usage. The validation methodology consists of applying the EPR4Q, DSAS, and AMBUR on different examples of shorelines found in nature, extracted from the U.S. Geological Survey Open-File. The obtained results of each tool were compared with Pearson correlation coefficient. The validation results indicate that the EPR4Q tool created acquired high correlation values with DSAS and AMBUR, reaching a coefficient of 0.98 to 1.00 on linear, extensive, and non-extensive shorelines, guarantying that the EPR4Q tool is ready to be freely used by the academic, scientific, engineering, and coastal managers communities worldwide.

End Point Rate Tool for QGIS (EPR4Q): Validation using DSAS and AMBUR

This paper presents the validation of the End Point Rate (EPR) tool for QGIS (EPR4Q), a tool built-in QGIS Graphical Modeler to calculate the shoreline change by End Point Rate method. The EPR4Q tries to fill the gap of user-friendly and free open-source tool for shoreline analysis in Geographic Information System environment, since the most used software - Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) - although is a free extension, is suited for commercial software. Besides, the best free open-source option to calculate EPR called Analyzing Moving Boundaries Using R (AMBUR), since it is a robust and powerful tool, the complexity and heavy processes can restrict the accessibility and simple usage. The validation methodology consists of applying the EPR4Q, DSAS, and AMBUR on different examples of shorelines found in nature, extracted from the U.S. Geological Survey Open-File. The obtained results of each tool were compared with Pearson correlation coefficient. The validation results indicate that the EPR4Q tool created acquired high correlation values with DSAS and AMBUR, reaching a coefficient of 0.98 to 1.00 on linear, extensive, and non-extensive shorelines, guarantying that the EPR4Q tool is ready to be freely used by the academic, scientific, engineering, and coastal managers communities worldwide.

Super-Weak Force and Neutrino Masses

We consider an anomaly free extension of the standard model gauge group G SM by an abelian group to G SM ⊗ U ( 1 ) Z . The condition of anomaly cancellation is known to fix the Z-charges of the particles, but two. We fix one remaining charge by allowing for all possible Yukawa interactions of the known left-handed neutrinos and new right-handed ones that obtain their masses through interaction with a new scalar field with spontaneously broken vacuum. We discuss some of the possible consequences of the model.

Inflation and rupture of vaginal tissue

Around 80% of women experience vaginal tears during labour when the diameter of the vagina must increase to allow the passage of a full-term baby. Current techniques for evaluating vaginal tears are qualitative and often lead to an incorrect diagnosis and inadequate treatment, severely compromising the quality of life of women. In order to characterize the failure properties of the vaginal tissue, whole vaginal tracts from rats ( n = 18) were subjected to free-extension inflation tests until rupture using a custom-built experimental set-up. The resulting deformations were measured using the digital image correlation technique. Overall, the strain and changes in curvature in the hoop direction were significantly larger relative to the axial direction. At a failure pressure of 110 ± 23 kPa (mean ± s.d.), the hoop and axial stresses were computed to be 970 ± 340 kPa and 490 ± 170 kPa, respectively. Moreover, at such pressure, the hoop and axial strains were found to be 12.8 ± 4.4 % and 6.4 ± 3.7 % , respectively. Rupture of the vaginal specimens always occurred in the hoop direction by tearing along the axial direction. This knowledge about the rupture properties of the vaginal tissue will be crucial for the development of clinical approaches for preventing and mitigating vaginal tearing and the associated short- and long-term traumatic conditions.

MEASURING DEPENDENCE IN METRIC ABSTRACT ELEMENTARY CLASSES WITH PERTURBATIONS

We define and study a metric independence notion in a homogeneous metric abstract elementary class with perturbations that is dp-superstable (superstable wrt. the perturbation topology), weakly simple and has complete type spaces and we give a new example of such a class based on B. Zilber’s approximations of Weyl algebras. We introduce a way to measure the dependence of a tuple a from a set B over another set A. We prove basic properties of the notion, e.g., that a is independent of B over A in the usual sense of homogeneous model theory if and only if the measure of dependence is < ε for all ε > 0. In well behaved situations, the measure corresponds to the distance to a free extension. As an example of our measure of dependence we show a connection between the measure and entropy in models from quantum mechanics in which the spectrum of the observable is discrete. As an application, we show that weak simplicity implies a very strong form of simplicity and study the question of when the dependence inside a set of all realisations of some type can be seen to arise from a pregeometry in cases when the type is not regular. In the end of the paper, we demonstrate our notions and results in one more example: a class built from the p-adic integers.

Analogy-preserving functions: A way to extend Boolean samples

Training set extension is an important issue in machine learning. Indeed when the examples at hand are in a limited quantity, the performances of standard classifiers may significantly decrease and it can be helpful to build additional examples. In this paper, we consider the use of analogical reasoning, and more particularly of analogical proportions for extending training sets. Here the ground truth labels are considered to be given by a (partially known) function. We examine the conditions that are required for such functions to ensure an error-free extension in a Boolean setting. To this end, we introduce the notion of Analogy Preserving (AP) functions, and we prove that their class is the class of affine Boolean functions. This noteworthy theoretical result is complemented with an empirical investigation of approximate AP functions, which suggests that they remain suitable for training set extension.

On the residual algebraic free extension of a valuation on k to k(x)

In this study the residual algebraic free extension of a valuation on a field K to K(x) is studied. It is assumed that v is a valuation on K with rankv = 2 and the residual algebraic free extension w of v to K(x) with rankw = 3 is defined for a special case.