Teaching and Assessment of Course Outcomes in Switching Theory and Logic Design Course

Outcome-based education (OBE) is nothing but education based on the results. It's an approach that concentrates and organizes an education system in order to know, value, and be capable of achieving the desired skill level, which is essential for each learner. OBE helps in assessing the learners in different way rather than traditional evaluation of giving grades/ranks. Assessment is an important method for evaluating a student's progress after a learning process. A substantial effort was made to define the different elements that constitute a good program evaluation process from the observable study results at the level of courses and programmes by mapping and analysis information. Assessment tools are required to know how well programs and courses are listening for students. Based on the course, the assessment may be the formative or summative to assess the learning of the learners. OBE is the widely accepted method in measuring the learner's outcome.

A renewal theory approach to two-state switching problems with infinite values

We study a renewal theory approach to perpetual two-state switching problems with infinite value functions. Since the corresponding value functions are infinite, the problems fall outside the standard class of problems which can be analyzed using dynamic programming. Instead, we propose an alternative formulation of optimal switching theory in which optimality of a strategy is defined in terms of its long-term mean return, which can be determined using renewal theory. The approach is illustrated by examples in connection with trend-following strategies in finance.

Typology of Code Switching Functions in the Space of a Literary Text (Based on the Novel Shantaram by G. D. Roberts)

The article is devoted to the study of code switching mechanisms in terms of language contacts in the space of literary texts. It considers the main concepts of the code switching theory. The research focuses on the classification of code switching functions in the space of a literary text (based on the novel Shantaram by G. D. Roberts). The relevance of the study is determined by the usage of modern literary text as a research material. The literary text is at the same time a product of “artistic communication in the culture of post-literacy” [1, 57] and a linguistic object that represents the literary norms of various languages, as well as dialects and colloquial forms of the languages presented. The article highlights the causes and goals of using various codes within the framework of a single communicative act in bilingual speech. As a result, the functional and linguistic features of code switching are analyzed and various classifications are described. Keywords: code, code switching, multilingualism, language contacts, communicative act

Logical Design of n-bit Comparators: Pedagogical Insight from Eight-Variable Karnaugh Maps

An -bit comparator is a celebrated combinational circuit that compares two -bit inputs and and produces three orthonormal outputs: G (indicating that is strictly greater than ), E (indicating that and are equal or equivalent), and L (indicating that is strictly less than ). The symbols ‘G’, ‘E’, and ‘L’ are deliberately chosen to convey the notions of ‘Greater than,’ ‘Equal to,’ and ‘Less than,’ respectively. This paper analyzes an -bit comparator in the general case of arbitrary and visualizes the analysis for on a regular and modular version of the 8-variable Karnaugh-map. The cases 3, 2, and 1 appear as special cases on 6-variable, 4-variable, and 2-variable submaps of the original map. The analysis is a tutorial exposition of many important concepts in switching theory including those of implicants, prime implicants, essential prime implicants, minimal sum, complete sum and disjoint sum of products (or probability-ready expressions).