INDUCTION OF MACROCYTIC-NORMOCHROMIC ANAEMIA IN Clarias gariepinus –Siluriform- EXPOSED TO SUB-LETHAL CONCENTRATIONS OF 1, 1-DIMETHYL 4, 4-BIPIRIDILLIUM DICHLORIDE (PARAQUAT) UNDER LABPRATORY CONDITIONS

Introduction: Macrocytic-normochromic anaemia was induced in Clarias gariepinus at intervals of 1, 7 and 14 days. Experimental fish were exposed to test water separately diluted with sub-lethal concentrations of paraquat of 0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.09mg/L. 14 days. No in-depth work has been carried out on Macrocytic-normochromic anaemia in Nigeria. Objective: to evaluate macrocytic-normochromic anaemia in Clarias gariepinus exposed to sublethal concentrations of paraquat. Methods: Blood were collected at intervals of 1, 7 and 14 days .Results: Blood dyscrasias was observed with a significant (p<0.05) decrease in haemoglobin, haematocrit, red blood cells, white blood cells, lymphocytes and monocytes. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), Neutrophils, Eosinophil and Basophil increased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing concentrations of the toxicant while Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) remained normal. Conclusion: Sublethal concentrations of paraquat induced macrocytic-normochromic anaemia in the exposed Clarias gariepinus.

Structure of anaemic conditions comorbid to alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

The retrospective analysis of 378 medical records of inpatients with steatohepatitis (SH) depending on its etiology was performed to identify and study the type of anaemic conditions (AC). Among patients with SH of mixed (including alcoholic) etiology anaemia was found in 32.2% of cases, in patients with alcoholic (ASH) - in 36.3%, in patients with non-alcoholic SH (NASH) - in 22.0 % of cases. Macrocytic, hyperchromic anaemia prevailed in patients with anaemia of all groups: in patients with SH of mixed etiology - in 47.9%, in patients with ASH - 56.8%, NASH - 71.4%. Normocytic, normochromic anaemia was registered in 52.1% with mixed etiology of SH, in patients with ASH - 43.2%, NASH - 28.6%.The prospective study of 125 patients with SH showed that anaemia was found in 40.0% of patients with ASH, among patients with SH of mixed (including alcoholic) etiology anaemia was found in 32.0%, among patients with NASH the result was 21.7%. The following types of anaemia were found in ASH: vitamin B12 - deficient - in 17.5% of cases, anaemia of chronic disease - in 10.0% of cases and Zieve's syndrome - in 12.5% of cases. Three types of anaemia were found in patients with SH of mixed etiology: vitamin B12 - deficient - in 16.0% of cases, anaemia of chronic disease - in 8.0% and Zieve's syndrome - in 8.0% of patients. The structure of anaemias in patients with NASH accompanied by obesity of I-II degrees is as follows: B12 - deficient anaemia - in 15.0% of cases, anaemia of chronic disease - in 6.7% of people. In patients with NASH, H. pylory contamination was present in 84.6% of patients with anaemic syndrome (AS), including 100% of patients with B12-deficient anaemia. With ASH, H. pylory contamination was present in 80.0% with anaemia, including 100% of patients with B12-deficient anaemia. In patients with SH of mixed etiology, H. pylory contamination was present in 100.0% of people with AS.

Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon with cellulitis in infant

Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP) is consumptive coagulopathy in large vascular lesion. This condition is specific in kaposiform haemangioendothelioma (KHE) and tufted angioma, associated with high mortality rate. This condition often involves the limbs, trunk and retroperitoneum. The clinical features that are usually found are purpura, oedema, induration and ecchymosis. A boy baby aged 9 months presented with a history of violaceous tumour that appeared on his left leg at birth that became enlarged since 6 months ago that caused discrepancy between both of his legs. The patient has his left leg massaged through alternative treatment, causing it became bruised and wounded. Blood examination showed normocytic normochromic anaemia with severe thrombocytopenia and high D-dimer. The patient was diagnosed with KMP with cellulitis and treated with oral corticosteroid, propranolol and antibiotics. Diagnosis of KMP can be made through clinical and laboratory findings. Combination therapy with corticosteroid and propranolol can be considered for KMP treatment.

UNUSUAL CASE OF ANAEMIA IN ADULT MALE

A case of Anaemia which was investigated and found to be a case of Acquired Pure Red Cell Aplasia. Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a syndrome defined by a normocytic normochromic anaemia with severe reticulocytopenia and marked reduction or absence of erythroid precursors from the bone marrow. It is commonly due to primary autoimmune or infection and secondary to myeloproliferative disorder. In this discussion we are presenting a case of normocytic normochromic anaemia which was admitted to our hospital after being investigated and treated several times outside. On extensive workup, we diagnosed the case as PRCA secondary to Thymoma and initiated the appropriate management.