DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATIC REFLUX RATIO REGULATION SYSTEM FOR THE RECTIFICATION COLUMN

This article provides an overview of the methods of managing the primary petroleum refining. To improve separation efficiency was proposed to stabilize the reflux ratio in the rectifying column. Purpose of work. To develop a system for automatic regulation of the reflux ratio of diesel fuel sec-tions in an atmospheric column of the refinery oil. To study the operating modes of an atmospheric column with the participation of the obtained automatic control system. Materials and methods. The article presented the features of the oil rectification process at the atmospheric unit of a small capacity refinery. The features of heat dissipation with intermediate circulation flash compared to a large-capacity unit will be shown in this article. The parameters of the facility were selected and divided into groups. A dynamic model of the section of shell-and-tube heat exchangers for heating oil with diesel fuel at a low-power refinery unit in the form of differential equations of heat balance has been developed to achieve the goal set work. An electrode dehydrator material balance equation has been compiled to find desalted oil consumption and saltwater consumption. The dependence of the reflux ratio of diesel fuel sections of the atmospheric column on the inlet and outlet temperatures of the atmospheric column circulation flash, the acute fractionation con-sumption, circulation flash, and oil fraction selection was obtained. The resulting model of the facili-ty consists of two parts: the linear part of the electric dehydrator and heat exchanger section, which determines the temperatures of the coolants, and the nonlinear output part, which determines the re-flux ratio depending on technological parameters. The proposed model makes it possible to investi-gate the effect of disturbances on the controlled parameters. The MATLAB/Simulink software prod-uct has been chosen as a tool to implement the model. A system of automatic regulation of the re-flux ratio in MATLAB/Simulink has been built with the participation of the developed model of the study object. Conclusion. The results of modeling a system for automatic regulation of the reflux ratio of diesel fuel sections in the atmospheric column of a low-power refinery unit has been ob-tained, taking into account the peculiarities of the process under disturbance conditions.

Deshidratador solar/eléctrico de alimentos con comunicación a dispositivo móvil Solar

Dehydration is one of the oldest methods used by man to preserve food, since since time immemorial new techniques have been implemented to improve the process and obtain herbs, fruits, vegetables and dehydrated meats. The objective of this research is to develop a prototype solar / electric dehydrator monitored, which reports the drying times of food, to determine the moments of intervention of the user in the different stages of this process. The method used is practical research-action, it was decided to use this methodological alternative, due to the academic and local context in which it develops, we found the problem and it is expected to solve it through this technological development where the following technologies are involved information: mobile programming, internet of things, also renewable solar technology.

FeS Colloid Particle Formation and Impact on Union Station

There was a large quantity of sulfate reducting bacteria (SRB) in crude oil, and the existence of the SRB could cause the reduction of S, forming S2- which could react with Fe in the pipes, storage tanks and other equipment. FeS could absorb colloid oil drops; the FeS colloid particle came into formation. The abundant existence of the FeS colloid in the oil-water surface transition layer generally caused the bad oil-water separation. The FeS colloid could attach on the panels of the electric dehydrator, it caused the increase of the conductibility between the panels, and even caused the breakdown of the electric field intensity, the electric dehydrator was out of work. After the formation mechanism analysis, the FeS colloid impact on the dissociated water, the dehydrator-water and the electric dehydrator had been studied. It came to the conclusion that when the FeS colloid particle concentration went beyond 30mg/L, there was FeS in the dissociated water; when the FeS colloid particle concentration went beyond 100mg/L, the electric intensity was lower than 500V/cm, the product oil contained more water than 0.3% standard.