Improving the reliability of the amplification and switching unit of on-board radio telemetry equipment

В настоящей статье представлены научные результаты решения задачи повышения надёжности и технологичности бортовой радиотелеметрической аппаратуры. Рассмотрены 3 варианта решения поставленной задачи и выбран наиболее перспективный - замена ЭРИ на источники вторичного питания. Данный метод показал наиболее высокие характеристики по сравнению с аналогичными методами. Приведённые расчёты наглядно показывают эффективность предложенного метода. This article presents the scientific results of improving the reliability and manufacturability of on-board radio telemetry equipment. We considered 3 variants of the solution of the task and choose the most promising - the replacement of radio elements with secondary power sources. This method demonstrates the highest characteristics compared to similar methods. The above calculation clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Molecular Design of Amphiphilic Plasma Membrane-Targeted Azobenzenes for Nongenetic Optical Stimulation

We present a series of cationic membrane-targeted azobenzene molecules, with the aim to understand how variations in molecular architecture influence the relative optical and biological properties. 1,4-Amino-substituted azobenzene was chosen as the switching unit while the number of linked alkyl chains and their cationic end-group were systematically varied. Their photophysics, membrane partitioning, and electrophysiological efficacy were studied. We found that the polar end group is a key-factor determining the interaction with the phospholipid heads in the plasma membrane bilayer and consequently the ability to dimerize. The monosubstituted photoswitch with a pyridinium-terminated alkyl chain was found to be the best candidate for photostimulation. This study provides a structure-property investigation that can guide the chemical engineering of a new generation of molecular photo-actuators.

An Architecture Design of Auto Channel Switching Unit for Hybrid Visible Light Communication System

The revolution in multimedia devices has promoted indoor wireless communication in the last decades. Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) connections have expanded rapidly, and more than 5 billion devices have been connected to Wi-Fi each day since 2013, which causes system overloading. This bountiful usage of wireless devices has consumed an excessive amount of the radio spectrum, and the current standard for wireless communication is not able to provide enough capacity for indoor wireless traffic in the next decade. Wi-Fi currently holds 60% of the global traffic; however, secure communication for the internet of things (IoT) and spectrum congestion are two significant challenges for future communication development. Therefore, an affordable, secure, and fast medium for wireless communication is in urgent demand. It should be noted that the spectrum provided by visible light communication (VLC) can be thousands of times wider than the radio frequency (RF) spectrum. The challenge of spectrum congestion and the urgent demand for a high-speed medium can be solved through the application of visible light for indoor communication. It has been proved that each user can achieve a data rate of hundreds of Mbps in the congestion scenario through the application of VLC. But beside these advantages Li-Fi also have some limitations like unavailability in excess and in low light and also limited coverage due to walls and etc. To overcome these limitations the Wi-Fi and VLC hybrid network can be a good solution to continue using privileges of both technologies. A lot of research has been done to introduce a numerous techniques for such hybrid network but we are proposing Auto channel switching unit in this system which will be responsible for shifting and sharing data traffic on both Li-Fi and Wi-Fi channel.

Development of a Real-time Micro-controller Based Watering System

The developed system consists of a solenoid valve and water pump which are directly linked to a microcontroller (ATMEGA-328PU) unit through a transistor -network based relay switching unit. A soil moisture sensor linked to the soil senses the dryness and wetness of the soil. The microcontroller and soil moisture sensor utilizes a 5V power supply unit given through a regulated supply via a regulator called LM7805.A 12V power supply units activates the normally open units of the relay linked to the solenoid valve and the pump. Whenever the dryness of the soil is sensed, the microcontroller decodes and sends an instruction to the solenoid valve to open and the water pump to start driving the water which is sprinkled through the sprinkler. The performance of the system has been evaluated and the response time is fast.

Metering and Reactive Compensation Unit (MRCU) for Improved Energy Efficiency and Management - Supply of Electricity to Agricultural Consumers

In order to meet the growing demands of electricity, it is imperative to increase the efficiency of distribution system and reduce all wastage of energy. In this paper, the data from the distribution companies and regulatory bodies are analysed to identify the inefficiencies existing in the electricity distribution to the agriculture consumers of the state of Gujarat in India. The primary causes for the inefficiencies in the system are absence of effective monitoring and correct and reliable data on the usage of electricity by agricultural consumers, and the technical loses of electricity on account of low Power Factor and poor voltage regulation. The paper proposes a comprehensive solution to address the identified problems by way of installing a Metering Reactive Compensation Unit (MRCU) independent of consumers’ energy meters. MRCU will contain capacitors for reactive compensation, relay and switching unit, metering unit for current, voltage, Kilowatt, KVARH and KWH, and LORA based communication module for 24x7 data capture. The data captured at the cloud level will be analysed by a head end software system for real time reports and corrective actions. The estimated monetary benefits from installing MRCUs for entire Gujarat’s agricultural consumers is estimated to be Rs 1500 Crore in a year, apart from an estimated energy saving of close to 2000 MUs per year.

An Android Based Home Electrical Appliance Control System

Electric bulbs, television sets, fans and other home appliances are usually controlled largely with human effort using mechanical switches. However, over the past decade, there has been drastic improvement and advancement in consumer electronics and embedded systems. This has ensured a home environment where appliances can be connected and controlled using wireless technology and an Android smart phone. This study demonstrates the design of an automated system to assist and provide support in order to fulfill the needs of the physically disabled and elderly ones in controlling electrical appliances in homes. The heart of the control system is the wireless Bluetooth technology which provide remote access from a smart phone to a Bluetooth module and then to a control and switching unit. Bluetooth wireless connection enables the system to communicate with a Java application on an Android smart phone without cable. The user can easily touch on the phone screen to control the home appliances linked to the system. This method which requires minimal human effort is able to assist the disabled, sick and elderly people who have difficulties with locomotion. Thus, a control system has been designed which offer a low design, installation ease, quick response time and a user friendly interface in controlling home electrical appliances.Keywords - Android Phone, Bluetooth, Microcontroller, Relay and Switching

Damage detection and localisation of CMCs by means of electrical health monitoring

Carbon-based composites such as C/C-SiC are used in thermal protection systems for atmospheric re-entry. The electrical properties of this semiconductor material can be used for health monitoring, as electrical resistivity changes with damage, strain, and temperature. In this work, electrical resistance measurements are used to detect damage in a thermal protection system made of C/C-SiC. This can be done in-situ. Damage experiments with $$320\,\hbox {mm}\,\times \,120\,\hbox {mm}\,\times \,3\hbox { mm}$$ 320 mm × 120 mm × 3 mm panel shaped samples were conducted with a multiplexer switching unit to determine up to 288 electrical resistance and voltage measurements per cycle time and spatially resolved. The change in resistance is an indicator for damage, and with the use of post-processing algorithms, the location of the damage can be determined. With these data, inhomogeneous temperatures can be accorded for and damage can be detected. This method reacts even to small damages where less than 0.02% of the monitored surface is damaged. A localisation with a deviation from the real defect of less than 8% in sample width and 17% in sample length is presented.

The Construction of High-Performance Optoelectronic Interconnection Network and the Realization of Cloud Computing for Traffic Data Recognition

Due to the problems of congestion, insufficient scalability, and high cost in the network core layer link, the network interconnection architecture needs to be optimized. The photoelectric interconnection technology has attracted the attention of many researchers with its high bandwidth, low latency, and low power consumption. In this study, after fully considering the requirements of optoelectronic switching on network node degree and processing delay and corresponding to different transmission characteristics of circuit switching and optical circuit switching, an optoelectronic interconnection architecture supporting heterogeneous network topology, namely THtop, is proposed. According to the optical circuit switching/circuit switching characteristics of the Internet, the corresponding topology structure is designed respectively in this architecture to enhance the system integration and reduce the cost. At the same time, in order to meet the requirements of wavelength and number of hops of optical circuit switching, distributed control is designed in THtop, and the design method of heterogeneous optical switching unit is introduced in the switching equipment, so that the optical switching node can further reduce the cost while playing its role. The use of high-speed optoelectronic networks will cause a large amount of traffic on the channel. In this study, the traffic identification is analyzed on the proposed THtop architecture. The Map Reduce framework in cloud computing is used as the identification model, and the K-means algorithm is taken as the identification algorithm. According to its characteristics, the W_K-means algorithm is proposed for the type identification of traffic. The results show that under the OpenNet Internet simulation environment, when the traffic is set to a certain level, more than 90% of the non-blocking network switching can be realized under the THtop architecture, and the completion time of the mouse flow and elephant flow can be significantly improved. Therefore, under the Map Reduce model, the proposed W_K -means algorithm can quickly identify different traffic types.

Design of Piezoelectric Energy Harvester and Power Conditioning

The existing system presents a novel approach called simultaneous wireless strain sensing and energy harvesting from multiple piezo-patches, which is intended for self-powered Structural Health Monitoring applications. The Energy Harvesting subsystem is mainly the self-powered extended synchronous electric charge extraction interface based on double cross-coupled rectifying structure and a single fly back transformer, which is able to harvest energy from multiple piezo-patches. In this proposed work, the DC power is generated using piezoelectric and MEMS. Then the Produced by DC energy is given to Ultra Low Power Converter Using with Micro controller then Ultra capacitor used to Highly Discharging in the DC power bank. The outputs of transducers are also given to micro controller. The obtained energy is boosted up using Booster Ultra Low Power Converter. The output of the Ultralow Power Converter is given to the Relay for the switching unit to store energy in a DC Power Bank and the stored energy is inverted to AC voltage