The Forensic Prevention of Crimes Related to the Provision of Medical Care of Undue Quality

The article describes the history and modern condition of the criminalistic science which studies crime prevention. The authors argue that it is necessary to develop criminalistic recommendations on crime prevention as an element of special methodologies of investigating certain types of crimes. As for the investigation of crimes connected with the provision of medical care of undue quality, the authors prove that the investigators should involve the following categories of specialists when establishing the circumstances which contributed to the commission of the crime: persons that exercise administrative control and supervision in the healthcare sphere, representatives of insurance companies working in the system of obligatory insurance, as well as departmental experts, because timely and effective use of special knowledge is a vital condition for improving the quality of prevention work in the process of criminal investigation, it is the best guarantee of the comprehensive character of investigative actions aimed at the identification of circumstances leading to the crime and the development of preventive measures. The authors also present tactical recommendations on the choice and involvement of each of the abovementioned categories of specialists in the investigation of the analyzed type of crimes. The authors use the example of the practice of investigative bodies of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation to single out stages of preventive work of the investigator in the investigation of healthcare crimes: identification of causes and conditions contributing to the crime; preparation and presentation of a statutory notice to eliminate the identified circumstances; participation in the consideration of this notice; analysis of measures undertaken by the addressee of the statutory notice to enforce the prevention act of the investigator. They also present tactical recommendations on measures of criminalistic prevention at each of the identified stages.

Comparing risk changes of needlestick injuries between countries adopted and not adopted the needlestick safety and prevention act: A meta-analysis

Objectives: To determine whether countries that adopted the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act (NSPA) achieved a reduced risk of needlestick injuries (NSIs). Method: In this meta-analysis, 3 international databases (Embase, PubMed, and MEDLINE EBSCO) and 1 Chinese database (Airiti Library) were searched using appropriate keywords to retrieve relevant articles, including multiyear NSI incidences that were published after 2010. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence Studies was used to evaluate article prevalence. A binary random-effects model was used to estimate risk ratio as summary effect. A log scale was used to evaluate differences in risk ratios of NSIs between countries that adopted versus those that did not adopt the NSPA. Results: In total, 11 articles were included in the meta-analysis from 9 countries, and NSI incidence rates were surveyed between 1993 and 2016. The risk ratios of NSIs in countries with and without the NSPA were 0.78 (95% CI, 0.67–0.91) and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.85–1.12), respectively, and the ratio of risk ratios was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.65–0.98). Reduction in NSI incidence was more prominent in nurses than in physicians. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the mandatory use of safety-engineered medical devices in countries that adopted the NSPA had lower NSI incidence in healthcare workers compared with countries without needlestick safety and prevention regulatory policies. Further studies are needed to develop preventive strategies to protect against NSIs in physicians, which should be incorporated into the standards of care established by national regulatory agencies.

Pollution Prevention/Environmental Sustainability for Industry

It has been 30 years since, in the United States, the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 focused attention on reducing pollution through cost-effective changes in production, operation, and raw materials use [...]

Thinking of Crime: The State, Migrant Population and the Missing Justice

This lecture discusses the ‘idea of crime’ as it was understood by the colonial establishment and also as understood by the present government. In 1871, Lord Mayo introduced the bill leading to the infamous Criminal Tribes Act (CTA) which led to the segregation of a certain set of professions and lifestyles from the rest of society. The segregation was given a concrete form with the creation of penal settlements by the colonial government. The communities brought under the provisions of the CTA are now known as Denotified Tribes, not to be mistaken with adivasis. Mostly nomadic in habit, the Denotified and Nomadic Tribes have suffered the worst humiliation in the history of modern India. In recent decades, the idea of crime has also been associated with non-state actors in order to deal with terrorism. However, the provisions of laws made towards this objective, such as the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act 1967, are being used speciously to restrain social activists and thinkers. This has raised many questions in recent years. The theme of this lecture outlines the gap between the idea of crime and the idea of justice that needs to be bridged in the interests of deepening democracy in India.