Origin and Evolutionary Dynamics of the miR2119 and ADH1 Regulatory Module in Legumes

MicroRNAs are important regulators of gene expression in eukaryotes. Previously, we reported that in Phaseolus vulgaris, the precursor for miR2119 is located in the same gene as miR398a, conceiving a dicistronic MIR gene. Both miRNA precursors are transcribed and processed from a single transcript resulting in two mature microRNAs that regulate the mRNAs encoding ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE 1 (ADH1) and COPPER-ZINC SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE 1 (CSD1). Genes for miR398 are distributed throughout the spermatophytes; however, miR2119 is only found in Leguminosae species, indicating its recent emergence. Here, we used public databases to explore the presence of the miR2119 sequence in several plant species. We found that miR2119 is present only in specific clades within the Papilionoideae subfamily, including important crops used for human consumption and forage. Within this subfamily, MIR2119 and MIR398a are found together as a single gene in the genomes of the Millettioids and Hologalegina. In contrast, in the Dalbergioids MIR2119 is located in a different locus from MIR398a, suggesting this as the ancestral genomic organization. To our knowledge, this is a unique example where two separate MIRNA genes have merged to generate a single polycistronic gene. Phylogenetic analysis of ADH1 gene sequences in the Papilionoideae subfamily revealed duplication events resulting in up to four ADH1 genes in certain species. Notably, the presence of MIR2119 correlates with the conservation of target sites in particular ADH1 genes in each clade. Our results suggest that post-transcriptional regulation of ADH1 genes by miR2119 has contributed to shaping the expansion and divergence of this gene family in the Papilionoideae. Future experimental work on ADH1 regulation by miR2119 in more legume species will help to further understand the evolutionary history of the ADH1 gene family and the relevance of miRNA regulation in this process.

Expression profile and co-expression analysis of ADH1A in human solid tumors.

e13533 Background: The human alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene family is associated with various solid cancers. It seems that the ADH1 gene cluster plays an important role in various solid tumors, so it aroused our interest in studying these genes to find out their functions and biological process within different solid tumors. Methods: Paired tumor and normal tissues gathered from 38 tumor patients, and 5 male BALB/c mice tissues were collected and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay was performed. The expression of ADH1A at RNA level in normal tissues and pan-solid tumors and the main functions of ADH1A in different solid tumors were analyzed by Bioinformatics mining. Results: At the RNA level, ADH1A was highly expressed in normal hepatocytes and was expressed lower in the tumor tissues than in the adjacent normal tissues or the corresponding normal tissues, suggesting the At the protein level, ADH1A was expressed to varying degrees in human alveoli, kidney, stomach, colon, and rectum. We predicted three major conserved functions of ADH1A, including angiogenesis, cell adhesion, and leukocyte migration function which might influence the prognosis of the immunotherapy and the immune response, and constructed an upstream regulation network of ADH1A and a downstream protein network. Besides, we also explored the functional differences of ADH1A in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma and its effect on overall survival. And for investigating ADH1A, the BALB/c mice might be an option to consider in constructing an animal model of gastric cancer (GC), esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). Conclusions: ADH1A has potential diagnostic and prognostic value in various solid tumors. Our findings highlight new avenues for further investigation of ADH1A biology process and provide a novel potential prognostic biomarker of immunotherapy.

Species of Fragaria L. (Rosaceae) genus of Central, Northern and Eastern Mongolia

Numerous publications of Russian and Mongolian researchers report the only species Fragaria orientalis Losinsk to be typical for Mongolia. However, by generally accepted taxonomy of Fragaria genus, the species F. orientalis is a tetraploid (2n=4x=28) which occupies a small area within Eastern regions of Russia and North-Western China. To clarify the specific belonging of strawberry, 11 Fragaria samples were collected in Central, Northern and Eastern parts of Mongolia. Species were identified by morphological characters and molecular marker of alcohol dehydrogenase adh1 gene. The results of the specific belonging study in Fragaria samples reveal two diploid species F. viridis and F. mandshrica growing in Mongolia.