Production, Purification, and Characterization of Extracellular Alkaline Protease From Bacillus Firmus Var. Arosia NCIB 10557

The most important alkaline proteases from the commercial standpoint are produced by bacteria of the genus Bacillus and used mainly in the formulation of detergents. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the production, partial purification, and characteristics of alkaline protease obtained by Bacillus firmus var. arosia NCIB 10557 in fed-batch fermentation with constant feeding profile and carbon source restriction. Firstly, it was carried out on batch fermentation and after 6.5 h of fermentation, glucose became limiting, and then the fed-batch was started with a flow rate of 0.0802 mL/min. Maximum activity (998.1 U/mL) was reached after 10.5 h of fed-batch, with a subsequent 60.91 % drop in activity after two hours. The purification steps resulted in a 1.65-fold increase in the value of the specific activity. The protease showed optimum activity at 37°C and pH 9 and residual activity above 80 % at pH 11 and 12. Residual activity was greater than 70 % at temperatures ranging from 30 to 70 °C and 90 % of this activity was maintained for 30 minutes at 70 °C until the occurrence of complete inactivation. Enzyme activity was estimated using SDS. The organic solvents Triton X-100, Tween-20, EDTA and β-mercaptoethanol and the ions Zn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ partially inhibited the activity of the protease. Ca2+, Mn2+ and Mg2+ had no stimulating action on the enzyme.

PREVALENCE OF FUNCTIONAL FEEDING PROBLEMS IN CEREBRAL PALSY CHILDREN OF KARACHI

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cerebral palsy is a neurodevelopmental disability that not only affects sensory, motor or cognition domains but also oral motor area that may lead to difficulties in eating, chewing, swallowing, sucking or drooling etc. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence of functional feeding problems in CP children of Karachi to evaluate their needs of feeding and role of rehabilitation regarding it. METHODOLOGY The cross-sectional survey was conducted on Cerebral Palsy children aged between 6-12 years with the number of participants n=40, recruited through the non-probability sampling technique. The data was collected through Functional Feeding Assessment Scale (FFA) taken from Multi-disciplinary Feeding Profile (MFP). RESULTS A sample of 40 participants with Cerebral Palsy were enrolled in the study. This consisted of 8 boys and 32 girls with mean age 8.67 ± 1.93 years. It was showed that participants have an average score in all domains of Functional Feeding as the oral motor area is affected due to Cerebral Palsy. CONCLUSION It was concluded that CP children suffer from a number of functional feeding problems that may lead to poor nutrition, loss of appetite and decreased quality of life. The large scale surveys are recommended for the identification of feeding problems in CP using standardized tools.

Redox initiation in semicontinuous polymerization to search for specific mechanical properties of copolymers

In this work, for a semicontinuous emulsion polymerization reaction, it is shown that using a redox initiation system at 40°C, substantial modifications in copolymer chain composition with conversion can be easily obtained. To test controllable trajectories for comonomer feeding, linear and parabolic profiles were chosen to get different types of chain composition variations for the 50/50 w/w styrene/n-butyl acrylate system. For the “forced composition copolymers,” the molecular weight averages and distribution were obtained by size exclusion chromatography. The composition along conversion was followed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance to determine the weight composition distribution (WCD) of the copolymer chains. Mechanodynamic (dynamic-mechanical analysis), tensile, and hardness tests exhibited consistent results depending on the WCD that outcomes from the respective feeding profile. The results confirm that this methodology is of great potential for industrial applications when looking for synergy in copolymer properties, and low-cost processes.

FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF PADA BAYI DI KLINIK MITRA ANANDA KOTA PALEMBANG TAHUN 2013

ABSTRACT Breast feeding gives all of energy and nutrition needed baby during early 6 months. Palembang health breast feeding profile that baby get exlusive breast feeding as many 31% on 2009 increase to 40% on 2010. Purpose of this research is to know the relationship of Factors with exclusive breastfeeding to baby at the Ananda partners clinic Palembang on 2014. This method is Analytic Survey with Cross Sectional approach. Population in this research is all of mothers with their age 7-12 months babies, on february 12- 18 with respondent at sample by Accidental Sampling. Analysis use univariat and bivariat analysis using Chi-Square with significant level α = 0,.05 result of 35 respondents with giving exlusive breast feeding 67,7% ungiving 34,3%, mother good knowledge as many as 77,1%, working mothers as many as 31,4, and mothers good culture as many as 71,4%. Result of bivariat analysis show that there’s significant relationship between knowledge with giving exlusive breast feeding where ρ value 0,01 and significant relationship between jobs with giving exlusive breast feeding, where ρ value 0.04 and significant relationship between social cultural with giving exlusive breast feeding, where ρ value 0,01. Of this research hoped that health worker improve health service more especially mother to giving the only breast feeding to 0-6 months baby. ABSTRAK ASI memberi semua energi dan gizi (nutrisi) yang dibutuhkan bayi selama 6 bulan pertama hidupnya.Data profil dinas kesehatan kota palembang bayi yang mendapatkan ASI Eksklusif yaitu sebanyak 31%pada 2019 meningkat menjadi 40% pada tahun 2010. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada bayi di klinik Mitra Ananda Palembang tahun 2014. Metode ini adalah Survey Analitik dengan pendekatan Cros Sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu yang mempunyai bayi usia 0-6 bulan. waktu penelitian pada tanggal 3-30 Januari dengan sample 40 responden secara Accidental Sampling. Analisa yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji statistik Chi-Square dengan batas bermakna α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian dari 40 responden dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif 77,5% dan tidak ASI Eksklusif 22,5% , ibu berpengetahuan baik sebanyak 85% dan berpengatuhan kurang 15% ibu bekerja sebanyak 37,5% dan tidak bekerja sebanyak 62,5% , dan ibu yang budaya baik 75% dan budaya kurang baik 25%. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukan ada hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif, dimana ρ value 0,01 dan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pekerjaan dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif , dimana ρ value 0,04 dan ada hubungan bermakna antara sosial budaya dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif, diman ρ value 0,01 . Dari penelitian ini diharapkan agar petugas kesehatan lebih meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan khususnya bidan terutama kepada ibu yang menyusui untuk dapat memberikan ASI pada usia 0-6 bulan.

FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF PADA BAYI DI KLINIK BUDI MULIA PALEMBANG TAHUN 2014

ABSTRACT [According to WHO Exlusive Breast Feeding is explains that giving breastfeeding to babies aged 0 to 6 months withouth the other supplement. Based on the result of a research, internasional guidance recommends to giving exlusive breastfeeding during early six months based on csientific paper about benefit of breastfeeding for immune, their growth for baby and breast feeding gives all of energy and nutrition needed baby during early 6 months. Palembang health breast feeding profile that baby get exlusive breast feeding as many 31% on 2009 increase to 40% on 2010. Purpose of this research is to know the relationship of Factors with exclusive breastfeeding to baby at the clinic budi indah palembang on 2014. This method is Analytic Survey with Cross Sectional approach. Population in this research is all of mothers with their age 7-12 months babies, on february 12- 18 with respondent at sample by Accidental Sampling. Analysis use univariat and bivariat analysis using Chi-Square with significant level α = 0,.05 result of 35 respondents with giving exlusive breast feeding 67,7% ungiving 34,3%, mother good knowledge as many as 77,1%, working mothers as many as 31,4, and mothers good culture as many as 71,4%. Result of bivariat analysis show that there’s significant relationship between knowledge with giving exlusive breast feeding where ρ value 0,01 and significant relationship between jobs with giving exlusive breast feeding, where ρ value 0.04 and significant relationship between social cultural with giving exlusive breast feeding, where ρ value 0,01. Of this research hoped that health worker improve health service more especially mother to giving the only breast feeding to 0-6 months baby. ABSTRAK Menurut Word Health Organization (WHO) ASI Eksklusif adalah pemberian ASI saja pada bayi 0 usia 6 bulan tanpa tambahan cairan ataupun makanan lain. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pedomaan internasional menganjurkan pemberian ASI Eksklusif selama 6 bulan pertama didasarkan pada bukti ilmiah tentang manfaat ASI sebagai daya tahan tubuh, pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya bayi. ASI memberi semua energi dan gizi (nutrisi) yang dibutuhkan bayi selama 6 bulan pertama hidupnya. Data profil dinas kesehatan kota palembang bayi yang mendapatkan ASI Eksklusif yaitu sebanyak 31%pada 2019 meningkat menjadi 40% pada tahun 2010. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada bayi di klinik budi indah palembang tahun 2014. Metode ini adalah Survey Analitik dengan pendekatan Cros Sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu yang mempunyai bayi usia 7-12 bulan. waktu penelitian pada tanggal 12-18 Februari dengan sample 35 responden secara Accidental Sampling. Analisa yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji statistik Chi-Square dengan batas bermakna α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian dari 35 responden dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif 67,7% dan tidak ASI Eksklusif 34,3% , ibu berpengetahuan baik sebanyak 77,1% ibu bekerja sebanyak 31,4% dan tidak bekerja sebanyak 68,8% , dan ibu yang budaya baik 71,4% dan budaya kurang baik 28,6%. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukan ada hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif, dimana ρ value 0,01 dan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pekerjaan dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif , dimana ρ value 0,04 dan ada hubungan bermakna antara sosial budaya dengan pemberian ASI Eksklusif, diman ρ value 0,01 . Dari penelitian ini diharapkan agar petugas kesehatan lebih meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan khususnya bidan terutama kepada ibu yang menyusui untuk dapat memberikan ASI pada usia 0-6 bulan.

Toward a Comprehensive and Efficient Robust Optimization Framework for (Bio)chemical Processes

Model-based design has received considerable attention in biological and chemical industries over the last two decades. However, the parameter uncertainties of first-principle models are critical in model-based design and have led to the development of robustification concepts. Various strategies were introduced to solve the robust optimization problem. Most approaches suffer from either unreasonable computational expense or low approximation accuracy. Moreover, they are not rigorous and do not consider robust optimization problems where parameter correlation and equality constraints exist. In this work, we propose a highly efficient framework for solving robust optimization problems with the so-called point estimation method (PEM). The PEM has a fair trade-off between computation expense and approximation accuracy and can be easily extended to problems of parameter correlations. From a statistical point of view, moment-based methods are used to approximate robust inequality and equality constraints. We also suggest employing the information from global sensitivity analysis to further simplify robust optimization problems with a large number of uncertain parameters. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed framework with two case studies where one is to design a heating/cooling profile for the essential part of a continuous production process and the other is to optimize the feeding profile for a fed-batch reactor of the penicillin fermentation process. The results reveal that the proposed approach can be used successfully for complex (bio)chemical problems in model-based design.

A study of knowledge and practice of breast feeding in urban slum area under urban health centre in Solapur city, Western Maharashtra

Background: Country wide data from National Family Health Survey-III (2005-2006) documented that only 24.5% mothers initiated breastfeeding within desired one hour after the birth and almost 45 percent did not start breastfeeding within one day of birth. As many as 57% women practiced prelacteal feeding, proportion of exclusively breastfed infants at 6 months of age was 46.4%. Methods: The proposed study included cross sectional study of socio-demographic features and breast feeding profile of mothers attending Urban Health Training Centre. 400 mothers of infants aged 6-12 months were interviewed using pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Details about the socio-demographic characteristics and breast feeding practices and knowledge about breast feeding were obtained. Then results were analyzed at the end of data collection. Results: In the present study, out of 400 mothers, 41.25% mothers practice exclusive breast feeding. The knowledge of mothers about the breast feeding, among this knowledge regarding time of initiation of breast feeding after normal delivery and caesarean section was maximum i.e. 93.25%, followed by 57.25% mothers having knowledge regarding duration of exclusive breast feeding. The mothers having minimum knowledge was regarding continuation of breast feeding i.e. 40.25%. Conclusions: This study throws light on the mothers knowledge about breast feeding and what they actually practice. Breastfeeding practices like exclusive breast feeding, prelacteal feeding was less than the national average.